How do cells move? I know they can move with pseudopodia and flagella and cilia, but how do they move those without any muscles?

Kainantu

Each flagellum is a polymeric array of flagellin protein molecules making up an extended rigid helix. At the base of each flagellum is a rotary motor which drives constant turning of the helical flagellum filament. Some of the time the filament turns anti clockwise (as viewed from behind the bacterium) while at other times it turns clockwise. When they turn anti-clockwise all the filaments of a single bacterial cell (about 9 per cell) form a bundle pointing backwards that pushes the bacterium forward as they turn. This activity is called running. When the flagella turn clockwise each filament points in a different direction and their uncoordinated turning makes the bacterium spin about randomly. This activity is called tumbing. www4.nas.edu/nas/naspub.nsf/(urllinks)/ NAS-58N35E?opendocument Oct 18 03, 8:36 AM

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