How many states united to establish the Italian Kingdom in 1870?

shanetrane

At the time of the union there were 15 states: Savoy, Nice, Piedmont, Lombardy, Parma, Venetia, Modena, Romagna, Lucca, Tuscany, Umbria, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, and the newly ratified Rome. Dec 26 07, 6:09 PM

Baloo55th

I thought Naples and Sicily were one state - the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies - from 1816 to the Union of Italy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies Dec 26 07, 6:17 PM

author

Here is the map showing the states who had joined Italy by 1870. About the Two Sicilies, Baloo 55th is right. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Unification_of_Italy_1815-1870.jpg Dec 29 07, 10:04 AM

author

One could argue that the Marche should be added to the list. This is a short list of the events in 1860: Tuscany and Emilia declare for union with Sardinia-Piedmonte; Revolution in Sicily, Garibaldi lands and is victorious; invades Italy and gains victory; enters Naples Piemontese army under Victor Emmanuel take over from Garibaldi; Marche and Umbria vote for annexation to Piedmonte. http://www.arcaini.com/ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianUnification.htm Dec 29 07, 10:10 AM

author

Some more on the 1860 incidents, which reduced the Papal States to its southern territory, around Rome: In 1860, with much of the region already in rebellion against Papal rule, Sardinia conquered the eastern two-thirds of the Papal States and cemented its hold on the south. Bologna, Ferrara, Umbria, the Marches, Benevento and Pontecorvo were all formally annexed by November of the same year, and a unified Kingdom of Italy was declared. The Papal States were reduced to the Latium region surrounding Rome, raising the Roman Question. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_states Dec 29 07, 10:15 AM

author

Some incidents in 1859 should also be mentioned. Actually, not only Parma and Lucca, but also Piacenza and Guastalla were duchies and could possibly count as "states" and therefore belong to the list. The duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and the duchy of Lucca joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859, and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in march of 1860. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza Dec 29 07, 10:25 AM

author

I think I will renounce on the previous post: It seems like the Duke of Parma also (mostly) ruled the duchies of Piacenza and Guastalla. Therefore I don't think the latter should count as separate state entities. The Duke of Parma was also Duke of Piacenza, except for the first years of the rule of Ottavio Farnese (1549–1556), and the time of the Napoleonic Dukes of Parma and Piacenza, when the two were established as separate positions held by two individuals. The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of Duke of Guastalla from 1735 (when Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor took it from Mantua) to 1847 (when the territory was ceded to Modena), again, except for the Napoleonic dukes, when Napoleon's sister Pauline was Duchess of Guastalla. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Parma Dec 29 07, 10:34 AM