How does homeostasis regulate heart rate?

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What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis in a general sense refers to stability, balance or equilibrium. It is the body's attempt to maintain a constant internal environment. Maintaining a stable internal environment requires constant monitoring and adjustments as conditions change. This adjusting of physiological systems within the body is called homeostatic regulation. Homeostatic regulation involves three parts or mechanisms: 1) the receptor, 2) the control center and 3) the effector. Each body system contributes to the homeostasis of other systems and of the entire organism. No system of the body works in isolation, and the well-being of the person depends upon the well-being of all the interacting body systems. A disruption within one system generally has consequences for several additional body systems Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system, in addition to needing to maintain itself within certain levels, plays a role in maintenance of other body systems by transporting hormones (heart secretes ANP and BNP) and nutrients (oxygen, EPO to bones,etc.), taking away waste products, and providing all living body cells with a fresh supply of oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Homeostasis is disturbed if the cardiovascular or lymphatic systems are not functioning correctly. Our skin, bones, muscles, nervous system, endocrine, lymphatic system, lungs, digestive tract, urinary system and reproductive use the cardiovascular system as its "road" or "highway" as far as distribution of things that go on in our body. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis Apr 20 08, 9:17 AM

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The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system alternatively stimulate or inhibit various bodily responses (such as heart rate, breathing rate, etc) to help maintain proper levels. The nervous system regulates various systems such as respiratory (controls pace and depth of breathing), cardiovascular system (controls heart rate and blood pressure), etc. Two hormones are responsible for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood. These are insulin and glucagon. In emergencies, adrenaline is released by the body to override the homeostatic control of glucose. This is done to promote the breakdown of glycogen into glucose to be used in the emergency. These emergencies are often known as 'fight or flight reactions'. Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands. The secretion of it leads to increased metabolism, breathing and heart rate. Once the emergency is over, and adrenaline levels drop, the homeostatic controls are once again back in place http://www.biology-online.org/4/3_blood_sugar.htm http://science.jrank.org/pages/3365/Homeostasis.html http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis Apr 20 08, 9:34 AM

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