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Structure
Interesting Questions, Facts and Information
- There are a total of 10 general entries.
Special Topics
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 Interesting Questions, Facts, and Information
 Mary I
No. Shortly after her marriage, Mary began to experience the usual symptoms of pregnancy. As a result, Philip remained in England in anticipation of the royal birth and all ambassadors were notified. When the expected date had passed, the doctors amended the conception date. However, when 11 months had passed and her abdomen had returned to normal size, it was recognized that she was in fact not pregnant. Historians now believe it was possible that she was suffering from either uterine, ovarian or stomach cancer.
| As a result of a joint Anglo-Spanish war against France, England lost its last toehold in France. What was the name of that toehold? | Mary I
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Calais. The island of Jersey remains part of the Channel Islands, a dependency of the (British) Crown. Originally it was part of the Duchy of Normandy. Dunkirk, which was English from 1658-62, was the scene of the British evacuation in World War II and Dieppe was the scene of a Canadian raid on occupied France in the same war. In the time of the Tudors Calais was the only remaining part of mainland France under English control. Calais was the scene of the Field of the Cloth of Gold when Henry VIII met Francis I of France. Mary is alleged to have said that when she died, they would find Calais engraved on her heart.
| How many times did Philip visit England to be with his Mary? | Mary I
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twice. He was in England to marry Mary I in 1554. That time he was in England from July 17 1554 until August 29, 1555. In 1557, due to the fact that he wanted to ensure English support in a planned campaign against France, he returned to his wife, conditional upon English support in his coming war. This visit was shorter, from March 18, 1557 until July 6 of the same year.
| Many English monarchs have nicknames. What is Mary's nickname? | Mary I
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Bloody Mary. Under Mary, religious persecution arrived in England in full force. According to most records, however, about 300 were burned at the stake for refusing to recant the "new religion".
| To what Church did Mary belong? | Mary I
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Roman Catholic Church. The Anabaptists were a radical Protestant sect that were persecuted by fellow Protestants as well as Catholics. The Henrician Church was essentially Catholic with the exception of acknowledging the king as its head rather than the Pope. Interestingly enough, in order to re-establish links with Rome, Mary had to accept the position as Head of the Church. She argued that her reforms were simply returning worship to that of her father Henry VIII. Edward VI was nominally Lutheran, on other words a Protestant.
| Mary had the Archbishop of Canterbury tried as a heretic and burned. That Archbishop had married her father Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn and had instigated many of the Church reforms under Edward VI.
Who was he? | Mary I
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Thomas Cranmer. Nicholas Ridley was also burned by Mary I but he was Bishop of London. William Laud was Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I. He was executed as a result of the Civil War. Reginald Pole, one of the last of the Plantagenets, was the cardinal who assisted Mary in the restoration of Roman Catholicism in England. He was her Archbishop of Canterbury. He died of natural causes.
| In 1554, Mary married Philip, the King of Naples. As a child, she had been betrothed to a relative of Philip's. Who was that relative? | Mary I
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his father. Mary had been betrothed as a child to Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor. This betrothal was more a political move than a real one since the difference in their ages meant that Charles was unlikely to wait until Mary became old enough to marry. Philip, son of Charles V had been created King of Naples so that he would be of equal rank to his bride. When Charles V abdicated in 1555, Philip became Philip II, King of Spain.
| Who were the parents of Mary I? | Mary I
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Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Henry VII and Elizabeth of York were the grandparents of Mary I. Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn were the parents of Elizabeth, Mary's half-sister. Henry VIII and Jane Seymour were the parents of Edward VI, Mary's half-brother.
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