Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts
1. The first battle between the forces of the incompetent and at-times mad Henry VI and Margaret d'Anjou, and the forces of Richard of York and the Earl of Warwick, occurred in St. Albans, Hertfordshire on May 22nd, 1455. As history witnessed the beginning of this feud, the Catholic Church under Pope Callixtus III (or Alfonso of Borgia) acquitted Joan of Arc of what crime, 25 years after her death?
2. The second half of the 1450s saw two more battles in the War of the Roses, both in 1459 (Blore Heath and Ludford Bridge) and the failed Loveday March of 1458, where Henry VI tried to unite the Lancasters and the Yorks. The second half of the 15th century also saw another famous historical figure rise to power in Wallachia (now in Romania), after which he struggled to keep his land independent from the Ottomans. This historical figure has been depicted as bloody and violent, and is mostly remembered for ordering his enemies pinned to the ground with stakes through the flesh. Who is this figure?
3. 1460 and 1461 saw the English throne change hands twice. Henry VI was captured by Richard of York's forces in Northampton, and Richard was declared king that year. In December of that year, he was killed at the Battle of Wakefield, and Richard's son Edward earl of March made a claim for the throne. In 1461, after the Battle of Mortimer's Cross (the Three Suns Battle) and the Second Battle of St. Albans (where Henry VI was freed), Edward was crowned Edward IV, king of England. His reign lasted from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470. During this same time, what famous artist began his apprenticeship with Verrocchio?
4. 1461 saw two battles during the War of the Roses: the relatively minor battle of Ferrybridge (where Lord Clifford was killed), and the single bloodiest battle on English soil, the Battle of Towton, where at least 100,000 soldiers were killed. Edward IV officially deposed Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou from the throne and usurped it, beginning his nine-year reign of England. A few weeks after the Battle of Towton, what empire fell at the hands of the Ottomans?
5. A few small battles were fought during Edward IV's reign, including the Battles of Hedgley Moor, Hexham, and Edgecoot Moor. His reign was not as bloody as Henry VI's first reign. In 1467, nearing the end of Edward's first reign, another country saw the beginning of the Onin War, a conflict concerning shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa. Which country saw this conflict unfold?
6. In 1471, the Battle of Barnet killed off the Kingmaker, the Duke of Warwick; a few weeks later, at the Battle of Tewkesbury, Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou were captured by Edward IV, and their son Edward Prince of Wales was killed. In Africa, São Tomé and Príncipe were discovered around 1471; Cape Verde was discovered by Europeans earlier, in 1456. By which civilization were these three islands, and eventual two countries, discovered?
7. During Edward IV's second reign, which lasted from 1471 to 1483, there was relatively little conflict related to the War of the Roses. In 1478, King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I of Aragon started the Spanish Inquisition, which was used to hunt down 'false converts' to Christianity in Spain. In Edward IV's last year as king, who took over in Spain as chief Inquisitor?
8. 1483 saw the death of King Edward IV, and the intended reign of his son Edward V. However, he and his brother Richard were locked away in the Tower of London, where they were never seen again; two children's skeletons found centuries later were presumed to be the princes. Richard III, their uncle, was crowned the King of England that June. In that same year, a massive structure was completed and opened in the Vatican, dedication to Our Lady of the Assumption. What building is this?
9. The end of the Plantagenet dynasty, and the major conflicts of the War of the Roses, occurred on August 22nd, 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth Field, when Richard III was killed by Henry Tudor (VII), who would begin the Tudor reign of England. That same year, William Caxton published a book written by Sir Thomas Mallory. Which book was this?
10. Although Henry Tudor took the English throne and ended the Plantagenet dynasty in 1485, the last conflict of the War of the Roses took place June 16th, 1487 at Stokes Field. There, the Earl of Lincoln (a Yorkist) and Lambert Simnel (who posed as Henry VII in Dublin) fought Henry VII's actual army. Most of the 8,000 fell at what is known today as the Bloody Gutter. In the same year, 20,000 slaves were sacrificed to King Ahuizotl, marking his imperial accomplishments as king of what empire?
Source: Author
Not_Worthy
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bloomsby before going online.
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