
These small memorials are known as Stolpersteine or ‘stumbling stones/blocks’. These stones are four inch concrete cubes bearing a brass plate inscribed with the name and the fates of victims of Nazi extermination or persecution.
The Stolpersteine project was initiated by the German artist Gunter Demnig in 1992 and commemorates individuals at their last place of residency or work before they became victims of the Nazi regime, in the main, through either euthanasia or deportation to concentration or extermination centres. The majority of Stolpersteine have been placed to commemorate Jewish victims of the Holocaust, Gypsies (Romani and Sinti), homosexuals, the physically or mentally disabled and many other minority groups such as Jehovah’s Witnesses, members of the German Resistance, International Brigade soldiers of the spanish civil war and conscientious objectors.
As of December 2019, around 75,000 Stolpersteine have been laid across Europe. Those pictured here are some of the ninety-two Stolpersteine that have been placed in the Dutch city of Hilversum.