Contrary to what many people believe, Roman emperors did not
necessarily signal that a losing gladiator in the arena was
to die by giving the thumbs down signal. "Pollice verso," the
Latin phrase from which the thumbs down idea came, actually
just means "thumb turned." Some scholars even think that
thumbs down meant that the victor should put down his sword
and spare the vanquished.
Regardless, no losing gladiator could expect good things if
the emperor extended his middle finger.
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