The first British to colonise India drank government issued porter (a heavy, dark beer more suited to cold climates than the heat of India), shipped all the way from Britain by the East India Company via the six month sea journey. However, this beer was often stale or infected by the time it arrived in India.
George Hodgson's Bow Brewery in London was one of the main exporters of porter beer. He tried unsuccessfully to find a way to make the porter survive the journey. Eventually he settled on shipping 'October beer', a type of pale ale that was heavily hopped and aged for a few years, making it sturdy enough to survive the six month journey.
This pale ale proved very popular in India and eventually the name India Pale Ale developed and stuck, though I can't find any information about the first usage of the term.
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