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Structure
Interesting Questions, Facts and Information
- There are a total of 30 general entries.
Special Topics
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 Interesting Questions, Facts, and Information
 English Civil War
| Some years after the English Civil War, the former King's son was invited back to England by Parliament and crowned King. This event is known as? | The English Civil War
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the Restoration. Following his father's execution by beheading on January 30th 1649, Charles II remained in Scotland, where on 1st January 1651 he was crowned King.
As King of Scotland he attempted an invasion of England in 1651 and got as far south as Worcester, where he was defeated by Parliamentary forces commanded by Cromwell. Charles then spent 45 days evading capture, before finally escaping to France. The monarchy was finally restored by Act of Parliament in May 1660, and he then returned to England as King.
| What title was assumed by Oliver Cromwell, during his leadership of the Country after the English Civil War? | The English Civil War
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Lord Protector. He was appointed by Parliament in 1651 as "Lord Protector of Ireland", then after dissolving the "Rump Parliament" in December 1653 took the title of "Lord Protector of England". Cromwell was offered the title of King, but his belief was that this was not God's will. Following his death, his son Richard tried for a short time to assume his father's mantle, but was quickly ousted paving the way for the monarchy to be restored under the former King's son Charles II.
January 1649. He was beheaded on 30th January 1649. Because it was a very cold day, he decided to wear two shirts in case the cold might cause him to shiver, making people think he was frightened. In some ways he may have been a foolish and even arrogant man, but he met his end bravely.
| Which terms describe the two opposing forces of the English Civil War most accurately? | The English Civil War
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Royalists and Parliamentarians. Roundheads and Cavaliers may be the best known terms, but these are largely modern romantic nicknames, not widely used at the time. The term "roundheads" really only applied to the London apprentice boys who supported Parliament and had cropped hair. It was a term of abuse used by Royalist soldiers against those of Parliament.
Charles I. Charles inherited the throne from his father, James I. He was not in fact the primary heir to the British throne, but succeeded due to the premature death of his more popular brother Henry. If Henry had survived, the English Civil War might not have occurred.
| Although commonly known as "The English Civil War", there were in fact three separate stages known as the First Civil War, Second Civil War, and Third Civil War. Who was King during the Third Civil War? | More English Civil War Facts
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Charles II had been proclaimed King in Scotland only. The Third Civil War took place in 1650-1651. Charles I had been beheaded on 30th January 1649, and his son, Charles II was proclaimed King in Scotland one week later. His coronation took place at Scone on 1st January 1651. The most well known battles of the Third Civil War are the Battle of Dunbar which took place on 3rd September 1650, and the Battle of Worcester on 3rd September 1651. Oliver Cromwell commanded the successful Parliamentarian forces at both of these battles. After his defeat at the Battle of Worcester, Charles fled to France.
| Certain senior political figures who had been directly involved in the trial and execution of Charles I, were later tried and sentenced for their involvement. By what term were these accused persons known? | More English Civil War Facts
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Regicides. When the monarchy was restored, Charles II agreed to rule with the consent of Parliament, but insisted that the Regicides be tried for the execution of his father. There were fifty-nine Regicides in all. Many managed to escape abroad, although some were eventually captured and executed. Ten others were quickly caught, tried and executed by being hung, drawn and quartered. A further four had already died, and were posthumously tried and found guilty. These four included Oliver Cromwell the former Lord Protector, and Henry Ireton, Thomas Pride and John Bradshaw. Their bodies were exhumed and hanged at Tyburn.
| Lt.-Colonel William Bariffe is renowned for certain books which he wrote before and during the English Civil War. These books were invariably about what subject? | More English Civil War Facts
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military drill and discipline. Anyone involved in re-enactment of the English Civil War period will be familiar with Bariffe, as the drill procedures he describes are still the primary reference works on this subject. His best known work is "Military Discipline, or the Young Artilleryman" first published in 1635 and re-issued six times over the next twenty-five years. Other senior officers published manuals on this subject but Bariffe's was the most influential, and was widely used by commanders on both sides.
| A close confidant of King Charles I was William Harvey. Harvey is famous for an important discovery he made. What exactly was this discovery? | More English Civil War Facts
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the circulation of blood. William Harvey (1578-1657) was a brilliant physician, who was personal physician to both James I and Charles I. He was educated at Cambridge University, and Padua University in Italy where he obtained his doctorates. His thesis on the circulation of blood was published in 1628, but was not universally accepted for many years as it was simply too controversial. He is still remembered today, having a hospital named after him - the "William Harvey Hospital" in Ashford, Kent, where his statue stands in the hospital grounds.
| Just before a major battle, a devout Royalist officer called Sir Jacob Astley uttered the following prayer which even today is in common use: 'O Lord, thou knowest how busy I must be this day. If I forget thee, do not thou forget me'. At which battle did he speak these words? | More English Civil War Facts
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Edgehill. The prayer is known as "Astley's prayer". Sir Jacob Astley (later Lord Astley) was a professional soldier who fought throughout the English Civil War. At Edgehill he held the rank of sergeant major-general, commanding the central body of foot soldiers. Astley was both respected and liked by those who served under him, and when at the end of the war he surrendered the last Royalist field army he is quoted as saying to his men 'Well lads, you have done your business and may go play".
| Being Roman Catholic and French, the wife of King Charles was not particularly popular in Britain. However, she must have had some good qualities as an American colony was named after her! Which was it? | More English Civil War Facts
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Maryland. The devout Roman Catholic queen, Henrietta Maria, was an unusual choice of wife for King Charles, who was a staunch Protestant and follower of the Church of England. After a shaky start to their marriage they became a devoted couple, and she fully supported her husband throughout the troubled times ahead. Her eldest son Charles, eventually regained the throne of his father to become Charles II. Carolina (North and South) was named after Charles I. Louisiana was named after Louis XIV of France, and Georgia was named after George II of England.
| Charles I only became King because of the premature death of his elder brother, the Prince of Wales. If this brother had survived, by what title would he have become known? | More English Civil War Facts
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King Henry IX. Henry Prince of Wales died of typhoid when he was eighteen years of age. His younger brother Charles was then only twelve. Henry was a popular prince who, had he survived would almost certainly not have brought the country to civil war. It would also have altered the future royal lineage, and it is highly unlikely that any of the monarchs we know today would have reigned.
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