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Interesting Questions, Facts and Information
- There are a total of 70 general entries. We are selecting 30 for display.
Special Topics
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 Interesting Questions, Facts, and Information
 The Crusades
| This group is responsible for halting the Mongols under Genghis Khan from reaching Europe. Who were they? | History of the Crusades
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Mamluks. The Mamluks defeated the Mongols at the Battle of the Pools of Goliath. Genghis Khan had been advancing. He took Baghdad in 1258 and smothered the Caliph in a carpet.
| This Crusading Monarch was able to broker a deal with al-Kamil in 1228 in which he gained Jerusalem, Bethelhem, and the coastline. He also gained eight years of peace and in turn left the Dome of the Rock to the Muslims. Who was he? | History of the Crusades
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Frederick II. Frederick II was the infamous king who was excommunicated for not leaving for the Crusade at the proper time. He was criticized for regaining the Holy Land through diplomacy rather than at the end of a sword.
| The Crusaders who embarked on the Fifth Crusade decided to attack Northern Africa instead of Jerusalem and the Holy Land. What was the name of the first city the Crusaders took in August of 1219? | History of the Crusades
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Damietta. They took Damietta a city of about 80,000 before the siege. By the end only 3,000 people were left, 100 who were able to fight.
The Children's Crusade. He and another young man named only Nicolas began preaching that children should embark on a Crusade to regain the Holy Land. They were universally praised by the common people but ended up being ignored by the Pope. Many died or were taken in by families on the way through France and Italy, others were rumored to have been sold into slavery.
| He was the last Byzantine Emperor of the House of Comnenius. He ended the Byzantine Dynasty which originally asked for help from the Pope in the West. Who was this man? | History of the Crusades
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Andronicus. Andronicus was killed in a riot that brought Isaac II to power. Alexius III later de-throned him. This instability in the Byzantine throne led to the capture of Constantinople by the Crusaders.
| This battle resulted in the capture of Jerusalem in 1187. Reynald de Chatillion and Guy de Lusigian were both captured. What was the name of this battle? | History of the Crusades
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The Battle of the Horns of Hattin. The soldiers were surrounded on an extraordinarily hot day. They were suffering from dehydration and hunger which made it easier to defeat them.
| While Louis VII was away crusading the court of Louis VII's wife became well known as a centre for troubadours and the celebration of courtly love. Who was Louis' wife? | History of the Crusades
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Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor later married Henry II after divorcing Louis. She is known for her literature on courtly love.
| This Arab leader arrived on the scene in 1126. He was given Alleppo and had his eyes on Damascus rather than the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He did not allow his troops to drink but was an alcoholic himself. Who was he? | History of the Crusades
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Imad ed-Din Zengi. Zengi took Edessa from Joscelin who now led the city. His son Nur ed-Din married into the Damascus Royal family.
Baldwin of Bouillon. Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060-1100) was the first Western ruler of Jerusalem but never used the title of king (rex). It is said that he did not want to be crowned king of the city where Christ had been crucified. This did not bother his successors as rulers and in 1100, a few months after Geoffrey's death, Baldwin was crowned King of Jerusalem.
| Peter Bartholemew continued to have visions and eventually overstayed his welcome in Antioch. He was put through an ordeal. How did he die? | History of the Crusades
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Burnt to Death. Peter Bartholemew was forced to run down a hallway which had a floor of burning logs. Many believe Peter made it through but some of Bohemund's men at the end of the hall pushed him back into the fire.
| After the capture of Antioch, the Crusaders themseleves were besieged. Peter Bartholemew claimed a certain relic was buried under the cathedral of Antioch. What relic did he believe was there? | History of the Crusades
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The Holy Lance. Peter supposedly did find a fragment of the Holy Lance in the cathedral. This relic provided inspiration for the Crusaders who fought their way out of the city and defeated the Turks.
Firuz. Firuz was probably an Armenian convert who was unhappy with the length of the siege and his conversion. He let Bohemund's men climb a ladder up the tower and attack the city.
Nicaea. Nicaea was re-incorporated into the Byzantine Empire on June 19, 1097. The Crusaders did most of the fighting but the Turks surrendered to the Byzantine Emperor Alexius.
Count Hugh of Vermandois. Hugh reached Constantinople first. He chose to take the sea route and his fleet was disrupted by a storm. He was 'arrested' and brought to Constantinople.
Walter Sansavoir of Poiss. Walter and Peter the Hermit managed to make it to Constantinople. Most of their army was wiped out in the area of Hungary. They were responsible for massive violence against the Jews in the Rhineland prior to their crusade.
| The Byzantine Emperor Alexius asked for help from Pope Urban II in defending Byzantium from the Turks. The Byzantine Equivalent of the Pope is the Patriarch, who was the Patriarch of Constantinople when Alexius made his call for a Crusade? | History of the Crusades
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Nicolas III Kyrdinates. Nicolas III Kyrdinates was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 1084- 1111. Both Cosmas and Eustatius were prior to Nicolas where as John was after him.
Godfrey of Bouillon. Godfrey was also known as Godfrey of Lorraine. There were two people to choose from, Raymond IV and Godfrey. Godfrey didn't take the title of King. He called himself the Protector of the Holy Sepulchre (Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri). Still, that Frankish part is known in history as the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Godfrey died in Jerusalem on the 18th of July 1110. His brother, Baldwin II, took the title of King.
15 July 1099. The Crusaders captured the city on the 15th July 1099. They massacred almost everyone there. They did not even consider that some of the people had the same religion as theirs.
Peter the Hermit. On 21st October, 1096 the People's Crusade ended. The Sultan of Nicea, Kilidj Arslan, helped bring an end to this insane expedition. Peter was in Constantinople at the time.
Abbasids. A tricky question because although the Abbisids had the official power of the Islamic world, the real power lay in the hands of the Seljuk Turks.
Urban II. Urban II was elected as Pope in 1088. He died in 1099.
| The Albigensian Crusade (1208-1229 AD) was officially sanctioned by Pope Innocent III (he was very enthusiastic about this crusade). But it was not a crusade to the Holy Land or even to fight Muslims. It was directed at southern France and sought the extinction of which Christian heresy? | Mighty Monarchs III (the Crusades)
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Catharism. It was known as the Albigensian Crusade because the city of Albi was the center of Catharism. The fighting was extremely brutal and savage (on both sides).
| This crusade was preached in France and Germany by two young boys (1212 AD) and was not officially sanctioned by Pope Innocent III. Can you name this famous 'Crusade?' | Mighty Monarchs III (the Crusades)
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Children's . The 'Children's Crusade' ended in disaster for the expedition from France when the children were tricked and eventually sold into slavery by their ships' captains (Hugh the Iron and William the Pig) in Muslim North Africa.
| The Ninth Crusade (1271-1272 AD) was led by Prince Edward of England and accomplished nothing tangible. Edward though would become King of England in 1272 AD and be better known in history as...? | Mighty Monarchs III (the Crusades)
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Edward I, King of England. Kind of a tricky (but simple) question. Edward was the first Edward (since the Norman Conquest of 1066 AD) and he was king. He once was a prince but his great-grandson was 'the Black Prince.' He was known as 'Longshanks' (not Longpanks) because of his heighth. He also was known as a 'Hammer' but not 'of the Welsh.' He was known as the 'Hammer of the Scots.' Sorry. In all fairness he did subdue the Welsh by promising them he would raise his newly born son, also named Edward (the future King Edward II), as a Welshman and would give him the title of 'Prince of Wales.' This started the tradition of bestowing this title to the heir to the throne of England. So presently, whenever Queen Elizabeth II dies (or abdicates) Prince Charles will become king and his son, Prince William, will become the new Prince of Wales.
| The Eighth Crusade (1270 AD) was again led by Louis IX but was directed against Tunis in northern Africa. While laying siege to Carthage (Jul-Aug) what happened to Louis? | Mighty Monarchs III (the Crusades)
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he died from a disease spreading through the Crusader's camp. Louis IX died on August 25, 1270 AD hours before his brother Charles I, King of Sicily, arrived.
| The Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 AD) was led by Louis IX, the Saint, King of France, and was once again directed at Egypt. Louis IX was defeated and captured at the Battle of Abu Abdulla (Apr 6, 1250 AD) but was soon released (May 6, 1250 AD) after agreeing to return which recently captured city? | Mighty Monarchs III (the Crusades)
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Damietta. Louis IX would travel to the new capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (Acre) upon his release. Jerusalem had earlier been recaptured by the Muslims (Aug 23, 1244 AD). He would not depart for Europe til Apr 24, 1254 AD.
| The Sixth Crusade (1228-1229 AD) was led by this excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor. His prestige (he was known as 'Stupor Mundi' Wonder of the World) quickly gained him a peaceful settlement with Sultan al-Kamil after being in the Holy Land for only five months. Which Emperor was it? | Mighty Monarchs III (the Crusades)
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Frederick II. Frederick II had been excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX (c. 1227 AD) for failing to depart for the Holy Land at an earlier date. The Treaty of Jaffa (Feb 18, 1229 AD) gave the cities of Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Nazareth back to the Christians. Once in Jerusalem he crowned himself King of Jerusalem (on Mar 18, 1229 AD) though his son technically was king. Reason - Frederick's wife, Isabella, was the daughter of John I, of Brienne, the last King of Jerusalem, and the title came through her. Thus Frederick had been considered the uncrowned king since his marriage in 1225 AD but when his son, Conrad, was born in 1228 AD the child legally received the title. Frederick would retain the title til 1243 AD when he finally turned it over to his son. Conrad would never set foot in his kingdom (he died in 1254 AD). Ironically the Holy City of Jerusalem would be excommunicated by the Archbishop of Caesarea for aiding and abetting Frederick!
| The Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 AD) was directed towards the Ayoubid Sultanate of Egypt. The Crusaders would lay siege to the city of Damietta from May 1218-Nov 1219 AD. During the siege which future Saint would act as a mediator between the Christian leaders and Sultan al-Kamil? | Mighty Monarchs III (the Crusades)
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Francis of Assisi. Sultan al-Kamil would offer to return the city of Jerusalem (in Muslim hands since 1187 AD) if the Crusaders would evacute Egypt. THEY REFUSED!
| This famous city of the Byzantine Empire fell to the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204 AD) after only a six day siege and was systematically plundered. Which Imperial city was it? | Mighty Monarchs III (the Crusades)
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Constantinople. They actually accomplished two successful sieges of Constantinople during the Crusade. They first laid siege to the capital in order to overthrow Alexius III and restore his brother, Isaac II, to the throne (along with Isaac's son Alexius IV). The walls of the city were breached on July 17, 1203 AD and Alexius III fled the city. Isaac II and Alexius IV assumed the throne. They would themselves be overthrown by a son-in-law of Alexius III in Feb 1204 AD. This man was yet another Alexius and was crowned Alexius V. The Crusaders, who still had not been paid for restoring Isaac and his son to the throne, demanded redress from the new emperor (with no results). The second siege of Constantinople began on Apr 6, 1204 AD and ended six days later. This time the Crusaders showed no mercy! They would strip the churches bare and desecrate their altars. A prostitute sat on the throne of the Patriarch (of the Greek Orthodox Church) and sang dirty songs.
the Crusaders were unable to repay Venice for its support. Venice wished to add Zara, its trade rival in the Adriatic, to its maritime empire. Enrico Dandolo, Doge (Duke) of Venice, demanded that the Crusaders capture the city, since they still had not provided the money they had promised him. The city fell on Nov 15, 1202 AD. Upon hearing the news Pope Innocent III would excommunicate the Venetians but not the Crusaders.
Venice. The Republic of Venice, sometimes referred to as the Republic of St. Mark (their patron saint), was led by the Doge (Duke) Enrico Dandolo (r. 1192-1205 AD). He was responsible for diverting the Crusade away from Egypt and towards the conquest of Constantinople.
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