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Structure
Interesting Questions, Facts and Information
- There are a total of 25 general entries.
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 Interesting Questions, Facts, and Information
 Edward III
| Edward, son of the weak Edward II, was one of the greatest kings England ever had. This splendid warrior was crowned in 1327 after his father's abdication (and subsequent murder). How old was the teen prince when he became king? | Edward III, King of England
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15. He already knew what he wanted and how to get it and he was, above all, patient.
| The first years of Edward's reign were placed under the control of a council of barons and of the court dominated by the proud Mortimer. Who led the barons? | Edward III, King of England
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Henry of Lancaster. Henry of Lancaster was the brother of Thomas of Lancaster decapitated sooner by Edward II. Gaunt, Langley and Woodstock were all sons of Edward III.
He was hanged. Edward could not forgive Mortimer his arrogance and his desire to be king.
| In 1348, Edward decided to promote and glorify knighthood by establishing a famous order of chivalry. What was it? | Edward III, King of England
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Knights of the Garter. The order counted 26 members chosen from the king's most faithful supporters.
| In 1333, Edward and his well disciplined army won an important battle at Halidon Hill. Which adversary did they defeat? | Edward III, King of England
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The Scots. After the Treaty of Northampton in 1328 by which Scotland asserted its independence, the Scots kept quiet for a while. Unfortunately, their leader Robert the Bruce, died the following year leaving Scotland to his young son David. Edward saw the occasion to play the Baillol against the Bruce (like his grand-father did). As the Scots had continued their raids into the North, this matter had to be settled on the battlefield, hence this battle.
| The death of Charles IV of France (1328) - who had no heir - gave Edward a very respectable claim to the Kingdom of France through his mother Isabelle, Charles's sister. Who replaced Charles on the throne? | Edward III, King of England
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Philippe VI. Philippe VI was the son of Charles de Valois, the brother of King Philippe IV le Bel (the Fair). When Philippe IV died, his three sons succeeded him (Louis X, Philippe V and Charles IV) but none of them produced an heir.
| After a series of unsuccessful and expensive attempts to seize the French crown, the wind finally turned for Edward when in 1345 one of his greatest soldiers retook most of Gascony and gave Edward the encouragement he needed to prepare his army for the invasion of France. Who was this hero soldier? | Edward III, King of England
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Henry of Derby. Henry of Monmouth was in fact the future Henry V, the Black Prince was Edward's eldest son also a great warrior. John de Montfort was the son-in-law of Edward, he had married his daughter Mary.
| In 1346 the English, though heavily outnumbered by the French, won the battle of Crecy. What was the decisive element in this battle, the one that tilted the scales in favor of the English? | Edward III, King of England
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The Welsh archers. The English archers used long bows which allowed them to kill the enemy while staying far from him. A chronicle of the time describes this event: 'but then, the English archers stepped forth one pace and let fly their arrows so wholly together and so thick that it seemed snow'. A most impressive sight, don't you think? At least the French seem to have thought so ...
| The truce made after Crecy lasted till the death of Philippe VI and the accession of his ambitious and naive son Jean II. In 1356, after a fierce battle, King Jean was taken prisoner. What was the name of this battle? | Edward III, King of England
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Poitiers. Henry V defeated the French army in Agincourt in 1415. The battle of Barnet in 1471 saw the death of one of England's most intriguing characters, Warwick the Kingmaker. The battle of Bouvines in 1214 opposed Philippe Auguste of France and King John of England, this time, the French won.
| What was the name of Edward III's brother who died at the age of 20 in 1336? | Edward III
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John. John had been given the title Earl of Cornwall. He was a much less controversial choice than the previous holder of that title who was Edward II's favourite (some say lover), a Gascon knight called Piers Gaveston. One story suggests that Edward III was responsible for his own brother's death in Perth but this is given little credence.
| What was the name of Edward III's wife who bore him many children? | Edward III
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Philippa. Philippa was the daughter of William, Count of Hainault, who had provided Edward's mother (Isabel) with the means to invade England on her son's behalf. Joan was the name of Edward III's sister and of his daughter-in-law, the one who married "The Black Prince" and Elizabeth was the name of another daughter-in-law.
| What were the names of Edward III's three oldest sons who all survived infancy? | Edward III
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Edward, Lionel, John. Edward's eldest son (Edward) was nicknamed "The Black Prince". Lionel was his second son whose title was Duke of Clarence. Both these princes died before their father. John was Duke of Lancaster and father to the future Henry IV. Edmund was the Duke of York and Thomas was the Duke of Gloucester but they were the fourth and fifth surviving sons.
| In 1337 Edward III made a major decision which influenced many events in the course of his reign. What was this decision? | Edward III
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He laid claim to the throne of France. Some say Edward was provoked into making this claim by Robert of Artois. His claim lay through his mother but it was actually nearer in blood than that of Philip IV who was actually the first Valois king. Edward's eldest son in fact married Joan (the fair maid of Kent) ruining the chance of a political marriage with any foreign royalty.
| In 1338 the French conducted a major raid on which south-coast English port? | Edward III
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Southampton. The French must also bear some responsibility for starting the so-called 100 Years War. They feared England's economic might and constantly tried to interrupt the wine trade with Gascony and also exports in wool and fish.
| In 1340 the English won a great naval victory over the French at which port? | Edward III
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Sluys. With the sun and the wind behind them the English ships crashed into the great mass of the enemy fleet whose vessel where chained together. The English victory was won by the skill and courage of the English archers and the power of their men at arms. So many of the French were killed that it was said the fish would start speaking French.
| Which significant Frenchman was captured at the Battle of Poitiers? | Edward III
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King John of France. The forces under the Black Prince captured the French king. They treated him with courtesy but there was no doubt that this gave the English a tremendous bargaining chip in all the future negotiations with the enemy. A large ransom and a long captivity were two of the other consequences.
| The forces that had fought in France later took opposing sides in another war in another European country. Which country was this? | Edward III
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Spain. They either fought on behalf of Pedro the Cruel of Castile, or of his half-brother, Henry of Trastamara. The Black Prince won the famous victory at Najera but all the gains were frittered away by later bad policy and unreasonable demands for payment.
| What part in Edward III's reign was played by Walter Manny, Robert Knollys and Thomas Dagworth? | Edward III
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They were all professional soldiers who led men under Edward III. The reign of Edward III is said to mark the rise of the professional commander. Quite often he would serve alongside the man with the title and organise the troops on the march or the battlefield. Some of them became so famous and skilled that they were allowed virtually independent commands.
| How many knights were foundation members of the Order of the Garter introduced by Edward III? | Edward III
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twenty-six. It is believed that Edward himself was interested in the cult of King Arthur, and at Winchester there is a still round table which was probably constructed very early in his reign. A round tower was built a Windsor to hold a similar sort of table. No one knows if the story of the Countess of Salisbury's garter is true.
| What position was held by John Stratford who was in protracted dispute with Edward III during 1340-1341? | Edward III
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Archbishop of Canterbury. The dispute was over the money that needed to be raised for the French wars. Stratford was appointed as chief councillor for England whilst Edward was overseas. Jealousy and petty rivalry led to a series of disputes.
| On which product exported from England was the King granted a forty shillings per unit subsidy in 1351? | Edward III
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wool. The product was wool and it was charged in units of sacks. Foreign merchants were allowed to come to specified towns to buy wool for export and English merchants were for while excluded from the trade. The story of the wool "staple" was one of constant bickering and changes of rates and controls during Edward's reign.
| According to French propaganda which noblewoman is Edward III said to have raped in the most brutal manner? | Edward III
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Countess of Salisbury. It was said that he saw her in a border castle and was so disturbed that he could not eat his dinner. All his declarations of love were in vain and eventually in desperation he raped her.
| Although he was mostly faithful to his wife it is known that Edward did take a mistress in his declining years. What was her name? | Edward III
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Alice Perrars. Though he was known to have a fiery temper, he was not a man who bore grudges. As he moved into his final years factions formed around him using the influence of Alice Perrars to try and manipulate the affairs of the realm.
| Which monarch succeeded to the throne immediately after Edward III and what relation was he to Edward? | Edward III
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Richard II, Edward's grandson. Edward III's eldest son, Edward the Black Prince, had died before his father. It is the Black Prince's son - Richard who becomes Richard II of England. Later Richard II is deposed by Henry IV, his cousin and another of Edward III's grandsons.
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