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Structure
Interesting Questions, Facts and Information
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 Interesting Questions, Facts, and Information
 Nervous System and the Senses
Central and peripheral. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and the 31 pairs of spinal nerves plus their branches.
Eye muscles. The third cranial nerve is the oculomotor, which controls eyeball movements and pupil size.
| What is the name of the area on an axon at which two successive Schwann cells meet?
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Node of Ranvier. The axons found outside the CNS are surrounded by a white, fatty sheath called myelin, which is made up of Schwann cells. The nodes of Ranvier are the indentations between them.
31. The 31 pairs are attached to the spinal cord in segments that correspond to the areas of the spine. These nerves emerge from the spinal cord to form the peripheral nerves of the trunk and limbs.
| Which age group is the most likely to suffer a cerebrovascular accident? | The Nervous System
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Seniors. The cerebrovascular accident (CVA), commonly known as a stroke, is caused by mild to severe interruption of blood flow to the brain.
Anencephaly. Microcephaly is having a small {head;} hydrocephalus is increased fluid in the {brain;} a meningomyelocele is a protrusion of the spinal cord through the vertebrae.
| What type of seizure is characterized by the sudden onset of generalized contraction of the muscles, causing the individual to fall? | The Nervous System
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Tonic-clonic. In an absence seizure there is brief stoppage of activity without loss of consciousness; a myclonic seizure consists of single or repetitive muscle jerks; a jacksonian seizure is a progressive spread of the seizure, usually ocurring on one side of the body.
Rhizotomy. A rhizotomy is also called a radicotomy.
2. The left brain controls muscles on the right side of the body, reasoning, lanuage, and skills necessary for math and science. The right brain controls the muscles on the left side of the body, imagination, insight, and artistic and musical abilities.
Accommodation. The lens is a movable disk located behind the pupil. It has a ciliary body, a muscle that causes the lens to bulge for focusing on near objects and to flatten for focusing on distant objects. This process is called accommodation.
Infants and Toddlers. Retinoblastoma is a type of eye cancer which is usually diagnosed when leucocoria (white-appearing pupil) is first noted in the child's eye.
Perimetry. A gonioscopy is a procedure to visualize the anterior chamber angle to determine whether the angle is open or closed in {glaucoma;} an ophthalmoscopy is a procedure to visualize the optic nerve head for color, shape, nad {vascularization;} tonometry is a test that measures for increased intraocular pressure.
Nose and throat. Also called an ENT specialist or an otolaryngologist.
3. The external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
Adults. Meniere's disease is a disturbance of the labyrinth characterized by various manifestations, such as vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, nausea, and vomiting. Balance may also be affected.
Myringotomy. A myringotomy is usually done to relieve fluid or pressure. Tubes are placed through the incision to deep the fluid and pressure equalized.
Smell and taste. The senses of smell and taste are nearly inseperable. If one sense is not working properly, such as during an upper respiratory infection, taste can be diminished.
touch. Touch includes the sensations of itch and tickle, light and deep pain, temperature discrimination, and proprioception, and awareness of the position of one's body parts in relation to the whole body.
Endoneurium. Perineurium is the covering around a group of axons. Epineurium is the covering around the entire nerve.
Epineurium. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by a nerve within the wrist that is pinched. The most serious case of carpal tunnel syndrome is when the epineurium and endoneurium have been impaired. It is considered serious because the endoneurium protects the axon and the epineurium protects the nerve.
| If Jane Doe is in an automobile accident and has complete spinal cord damage ABOVE the phrenic nerve, would that cause her to go into respiratory arrest? | The Nervous System 101
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Yes. The phrenic nerve supplies the diaphragm and the diaphragm is a very important muscle for breathing.
Femoral. The obturator nerve provides motor nerve stimulus to the thigh. The axillary nerve provides nerve stimulus to the arm and the sciatic nerve provides nerve stimulus to the legs.
Brain and Spinal Cord. There are three meninges: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. Dura mater means "tough mother" and is the closest to the bone and pia mater means "tender or kind mother" and is closest to the brain or spinal cord.
Rhombencephalon. Your hindbrain contains all of the parts that control vital body functions.
Smell. The olfactory bulb is located in your forebrain.
| What is the name of the system that is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid? | The Human Brain Quiz
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Ventricular. (CSF) Cerebrospinal fluid acts as a cushion that protects your brain and spinal cord from injury.
Language Comprehension. This area of the brain is named after a German neurologist by the name of Karl Wernicke. In 1874 he discovered that damage to this area could result in the inability to speak. This is referred to as Wernicke's aphasia.
To receive incoming signals from neighboring neurons.. Dendrites are the branched projections coming off of the neuron that conduct the electrical stimulations received from other neural cells to the cell body.
| What do we call the network of nerve fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain? | The Human Brain Quiz
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Corpus callosum. Marsupials do not have a corpus callosum.
Automatic. Autonomic means essentially the same thing as automatic.
The limbic system. The limbic system is loosely defined and contains such structures as the hippocampus and the amygdala, along with many others.
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