Index : H : HMS Victory

Structure Sub-topic of: Maritime Interesting Questions, Facts and Information There are a total of 50 general entries. We are selecting 30 for display. Frequently Asked Questions & Answers There are 28 user-asked question matches ( goto )

Interesting Questions, Facts, and Information

HMS Victory

Who were the only crew members allowed to whistle aboard a Man-of-War?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


The cook and the mess cooks. Seamen were very superstitious and whistling on board a ship was thought to bring bad luck. Also orders were passed by a bosun's whistle and to avoid confusion, whistling was a punisable offence,(until 1910 in training estabishments). The cook whistled so he couldn't spit into the food. The mess cooks whistled while they perpared their messmate's food so they couldn't eat anything. Sailors ate together in small groups of 8 to 12 for an entire voyage. They would lower a simple table between two guns and eat around it. They took turns being the mess cook, whose job it was to draw rations from the steward (the purser's assitant), take the rations that needed to be cooked to the galley and prepare the food once cooked. At mealtimes, one of the mess would turn his back and decide who got which plate so as to ensure that everyone got a fair portion. Each mess's piece of meat was maked with a metal tag so it could be identified when it came out of the ship's stove. During bad weather everyone ate cold food because the stove`s fire was put out. Cooking on board a wooden sailing ship only took place during calm weather due to the danger of fire.



Who aboard was usually nicknamed "Slushy"?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


The cook. The cook was often nickmaned "Slushy" after the 'slush' (yellow grease), that floated on top of the pan in which the fatty, salt meat was cooked. The cook often sold slush to the crew who would spread it on their biscuits,(hard tack). The butter which the navy supplied was often rancid. The cook was often one legged, ("pegged legged"), as it was one of the few jobs a disabled sailor could do. The cook and his mates started their day at 5:30 AM. A cook (at 1 pound, 14 shillings and 6 pence per lunar month), got paid slightly more than an able seaman(at 1-13-6), but less than the captain's clerk (at 2-18-0) or the carpenter (at 3-1-0). (These figures are from 1815).



Who aboard HMS Victory slept in a coffin?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


The captain. The captain and other high ranking officers slept in a boxlike cot that hung from the deckhead (ceiling). If the captain died he was nailed inside with some cannonballs and buried at sea. All the crew slept in hammocks, 14 inches wide that they hung from overhead beams. At sea, sailors got no more than 4 hours sleep at a time, but there was more room in the gun decks where most of the crew slept. In port however, few sailors were needed to stand watch and it could become very stuffy and crowded below decks. Sailors complained that they felt like they had slept with a mouthful of copper coins or "fat headed". Almost the entire crew of 800+ had only 15 minutes in the morning to roll up their hammocks and store them in nets on the upper deck. The hammocks must first pass through a metal ring to make sure they were tightly rolled up. Seamen had two hammocks, one to sleep in while the other was being washed. Soap was not issued to seamen until 1825 so laundry was soaked in urine and rinsed in water. Clothes rinsed in seawater never dried properly so rainwater was collected,(drinking water couldn't be spared on long sea voyages). Only the purser and surgeon were supposed to sleep on the orlop deck but it was often used despite their being no natural light or little air because there was more room and less noise than the decks above. High ranking officers had their own cabins at the stern of the ship.



When did the ship's day start?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


12:00 Midday. Midday was when the ship's speed and the sun's altitude would be ascertained. The master, master's mate and midshipmen would use their sextants and quadrants to estimate the sun's highest point in the sky. The clock would then be put back or forward and the ship's day would start.



What were the "seats of ease"?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


Latrines. High ranking officers had their own private latrines attached to their cabins that overhung the sea. "Respectable" officers could use the officers' wardroom quarter gallery unless the captain thought an officer wasn't a "gentleman" and didn't deserve the privilege. Junior officers could use one of the 2 "roundhouses", enclosed cubicles at the bow of the ship, overhanging the water. Aproximately 694 ratings and marine privates had to share 6 latrines or heads that were also at the bow of the ship and overhanging the water. These latrines were also simple benches with holes but they were completely exposed to the elements. Sailors who couldn't get to the heads made do with a bucket that was dumped over the side of the ship not facing the wind.



What were "grabbies"?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


Soldiers. Seamen called soldiers "grabbies". I`ve tried to find out why - your guess is as good as mine. Marines were also called "Cheeks", because of the tails of their coats. They were granted the title "Royal" in 1802. Marines were stationed on ships to shoot at and board enemy vessels, also to maintain order, guard duty and enforce disicpline aboard their own ships. Marines were sometimes used for press gang duty. They were paid 1 pound, 8 shillings, 0 pence per lunar month, the same as per the army. While at sea the only recieved 19 shillings, 3 pence to take into account their free room and board. There were 146 marines from the Chatham division aboard HMS Victory in Oct. 1805, commanded by Captain Charles Adair. There were 3 Lieutenants, 7 Noncommissioned officers, 132 Privates, 2 Drummers and 1 Trumpeter.



What were "bargemen"?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


Maggots. Ship's biscuits or hard tack were baked three times to completely dry them out and perserve them for up to five years. Insects found it hard to get at the soft center unless the biscuits got damp. If damp, and in hot and humid weather, the biscuits could become infested with maggots, the larvae of the cadelle beetle, tenebroides mauritanicus, up to 20mm long. A dead fish was placed on top of the buscuit sack so that the maggots would crawl onto the fish instead. Fish were replaced on top of the sack as long as maggots covered it. There were "weevils" also, not true weevils but a relative of the woodworm called the bread beetle, stegobium paiceum, which if present in large enough numbers could eat out the centers of bread so that they would crumble to dust. Apparently they tasted quite bitter. Sailors perferred to eat their hard tack in their hammocks after dark. Overall however, sailors ate better than the civillians back home. The Admiralty generally tried to honor it's stated policy that the navy "should be supplied with the best of everything in it's kind. A "short ration allowance" was issued when the standard rations or equivalents could not be issued. To quote Samuel Pepys, "Englishmen, and more especially seamen, love their bellies above anything else and therefore it must always be remembered in the management of victualling of the navy that to make any abatement in the quality or the agreeableness of the victuals is to discourage and provoke them in the tenderest point, and will sooner rend them disgusted with the King's service than any other hardship that can be put upon them."



What was Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson's last request?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


That England should care for his mistress and their daughter, Horatia.. Nelson's Monument in Trafalgar Square will forever honor Nelson and delight pigeon lovers but Nelson's last request was that the nation should look after Emma and Horatia. "These are the only favors I ask of my King and country at this moment when I am going to fight her battle." Married to Frances Nesbit in 1787, the couple separated after Nelson began an affair with the real love of his life, Lady Emma Hamilton. Their relationship caused a scandal. Horatia was born in 1801 but her birth was kept a secert because Nelson and Emma were not married, although Emma was treated as his wife. After Nelson`s death, his brother William was granted an earldom, 99,000 pounds, and an annual pension of 5,000 pounds a year. Frances, his legal wife, was granted 2,000 pounds a year. Nelson's last request was ignored. Emma and Horatia got nothing. Emma, famous for her extravagance, became poor, even spending time in prison for debt. She went to live with Horatia in Calais where she died in Jan. 1815.



What was the lubber's hole?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


An opening in the platform halfway up a mast.. A lubber's - another name for a landsman or rookie - hole was in the fighting platform halfway up a mast. Experienced seamen clambered onto the platform over the outside edge. Those feeling insecure used the lubber's hole next to the mast. From the fighting platform sailors could continue climbing aloft, or in times of battle, marines would be stationed there as sharpshooters.



What was a "shot rolling ship" a sign of?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


A ship on the verge of a mutiny.. "Shot rolling ships" were often ships whose Captains had ordered too many punishments. Cannonballs were rolled along decks by discontented crews in an effort to knock unwary officers off their feet.



What signal did Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson send to all English ships at Trafalgar?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


"England expects that every man will do his duty.". Originally the message was "England CONFIDES that every man will do his duty" but his signal lieutenant, Mr. Pasco suggested that "confides" be changed to "expects" as "confides" was a difficult word without it`s own number code and would have to be spelled out letter by letter. "Expects" was code #269 and only required three flags.



What job aboard a Man-of-War were scroundrels usually given?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


Bowmen of a launch or cutter (oarsmen of a small boat). The bowmen of the launch or cutter, the sailors that manned an oar in one of the small boats, were the most easily spared members of a ship's crew. It was the bowmen who hauled condemned men to the yardarm to be executed. The ship's most undesirable members were given the bows oar duty. By having them involved in executions, they were warned what could happen to them. Being the coxswain and oarsmen of the Admiral's barge, on the other hand, was an honor as these men were handpicked.



What job aboard a Man-of-War was the most difficult and needed the most crew members to perform?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


Raising the anchors.. The huge anchor cable was made of hemp which was extremely heavy when it became wet. The crew used a gaint capstan or winch with heavy wooden capstan bars to haul in an anchor. The anchor cable was stored on a special slatted floor that allowed air to circulate and water to drain off it into the bilges.



What did Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson lose at the Battle of Santa Cruz?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


His right arm. A Spanish musketball passed through Nelson's right arm, a little above the elbow, severing an artery. His arm was immediately amputated. Nelson's arm is rumored to be kept behind the altar at the Cathedral in Las Palmas, Gran Canaria. If you're not sick of 1800's naval trivia yet and would like to know whatever happened to Nelson and the Victory, you can always play Part 2 of this quiz. Thanks for playing.



What caused the most loss of life on a Man-O-War in 1805?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


Disease. By far, the biggest threat to a sailor's life aboard a Man-O-War was disease. As many as 40 seamen died from disease for every 1 killed in battle. Conditions had improved since Vasco da Gama's day, when he lost more than three-quarters of his 170 men, in 1499, to scurvy. In one year, out of 12,109 English sailors, 1,518 died from disease and another 350 became invalids. Tropical waters were the worst places to sail to. The worst year for disease fatalities was 1726, when Admiral Hosier's expedition lost 4,000 men out of 4,750. Sir Gilbert Blane, who was physician to the fleet, recommended lemon juice in 1793 to combat scurvy. By 1800 it was almost completely eradicated except on very long voyages.



Were women part of the crew on an English Man-of-War?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


No. Women were carried aboard English fighting ships usually because of a charter or transporting an offical and his family to some English outpost. Printed orders from 1587 forbade women on board ships at sea with the threat of severe punishments for those who disobeyed. A 1756 article stated, "no woman ever be permitted on board but such as are really the wives of the men they come to, and the Ship not to be too much pestered with them. But the indulgence is only to be tolerated in Port and not under Standing Orders." However, over the next 250 years, these rules seem to have been bent or ignored. Prostitutes were brought on board while in port (the boatmen that brought them out to the ship got 3 shillings for each woman he transported on top of his regular fare). By the 1800's, officers and even seamen took their wives on voyages and some lived on board permanmently, but still unoffically. After Nelson was seriously wounded at the battle of Santa Cruz, he asked to be transfered from the flagship "Seahorse" so as not to offend Captain Freemantle's wife, Betsy. There are numerous accounts of females aboard fighting ships: in 1815 when "Horatio" struck a rock and all hands were called to man the pumps, 5 women appeared and at the battle of the Nile in 1798, John Nicol of the "Goliath" said, "The women behaved as well as the men. Some of the women were wounded and one woman from Leith died of her wounds. Another woman bore a son in the heat of the action: she belonged to Edinburgh..." After the battle of Trafalgar, Jane Townshend of the "Defiance" applied for her medal,"presenting strong and highly satifactory certificates of her useful services during the combat." Some women masqueraded as seamen or marines, such as Hannah Snell who served for at least 5 years but was discovered after being wouned at the battle of Pondicherry in 12 different places, even removing one bullet herself so as not to be discovered. In 1807 Elizabeth Bonden served 8 months aboard the "Hazard". In 1815, "William Brown", a negress, served aboard the "Queen Charlotte" for eleven years, reportedly an excellent seamen, even filling the prime position of "Captain of the Main Top" for many years. A "William Prithero" served as a marine private aboard the "Amazon" before being discovered to be a Welsh girl of 18 who followed her lover to sea. Still offically, women were usually not aboard English Man-of-Wars and certainly not as crew members.



The year is still 1805. You miss your home and loved ones. Life aboard a Man-O-War isn't a pleasure cruise. England has been at war with France since May 1803. Now she's also at war with what other country?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


Spain. Spain was already a sympathizer with France and became an ally in 1804, adding 32 ships of the line. The Dutch fleet was also arrayed against the Royal Navy. Austria and Russia were allies of England, and Prussia was neutral in 1805. The American Revolution ended in 1783, and the War of 1812 was still in the future. Prussia was not at war in 1805.



The year is 1805. England's last war ended in 1802. She's been at war with France again since May 1803. George III is King. You never planned on being a sailor, yet here you are, a member of the crew aboard HMS Victory. You didn't volunteer, you were ____?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


Pressed. The British Navy had trouble recruiting new sailors, especially in wartime. A press gang was a group of 8 to 12 sailors that was sent into a port to "persuade" likely candidates to enlist, (you were going with them whether you wanted to or not). "Scuttle" has several different meanings, 1. an entrance with a hatch between ship decks,(or wall or roof of a house), 2. to sink a vessel on purpose, 3. a wide mouthed container for holding coal, 4. to move about hurriedly. A scuttlebutt was a tub of drinking water with a tin mug chained to it. The scuttlebutt was the 1800's version of the office water cooler. A scallywag was an American civil war term for a deceitful, white, southern scoundrel.



The newest officer or midshipman had to propose a specific toast that changed with each day of the week. If he forgot the toast he was to buy drinks for all those present. What was Tuesday's toast?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


"Our men.". Monday's toast was "Our ships at sea." Wednesday's was "Ourselves ... as no one else is likely to concern themselves with our welfare." Thursday's was "A bloody war" or "A sickly season." Friday's was "A willing foe and sea room." Saturday's was "Sweethearts and wives. May they never meet." Sunday's was "Absent friends."



The Navy's salute was unusual because every seaman greeted a senior officer with their palm turned in towards their face. Why were their palms turned towards their foreheads when they saluted?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


To hide their palms which were blackened with tar from ropes.. In Nelson's time seamen showed superior officers respect by uncovering their heads. Queen Victoria introduced saluting with the hand to the Navy.



The facts and figures question ... 226.5 feet long, hull 2 feet thick and main mast over 20 stories high at the waterline, 3500 tonnage displacement, 26 miles of rigging, 37 sails and another 23 spare sails for 6,510 square yards of sails, 104 cannons, (21 Oct. 1805) ...ENOUGH ALREADY! ... Approximately 6,000 trees were used to make the Victory. That's how many acres of woodland?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


100 acres. 90% of the lumber used to make Victory was oak. Oak, elm and fir were used for the hull. Fir, pine and spruce were used for the masts and yards. A giant piece of teak, a very hard tropical wood, 150 feet long and 20 inches square, was used for the keel.



The crew is all assemblied on the quarterdeck. What`s up?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


It's 11:00 am, so it must be punishments for serious offences.. The boatswain mates tied the offender to a grating and took turns flogging with a whip, made by the victim,(later it was a standard whip). "A cat of nine tails" was a length of rope that was unraveled and fastened to a handle. The captain determined the number of lashes. All crew member were present as awarning to all. Boys were beaten with a cane instead.



The best sailors on a Man-of-War worked where?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


Aloft, in the rigging.. "Away aloft" sent the best hands high up into the rigging, loosing sails, ("Let fall"), or furling sails. Furled a sail neatly was difficult and dangerous to do quickly, especially in poor weather and was visible to everyone in the fleet. Sails were unfurled first at the yardarm - the tips of the yard (the wooden horizontal beam that the sail hangs from), and only then at the "bunt" or middle. If the bunt was loosened first,the sail would fill with wind too soon and rise above the yard, easily knocking off seamen at the yardarm. A fall from high up in the rigging usually meant death or very serious injuries. Safety nets and harnesses weren't used. "Waisters" were crew members that worked in the "waist of the ship" and implied less experience or abilities. Rookie crew members killed and trapped rats deep within the ship's hold - just one of their fun and stimulating pastimes.



Stores and supplies varied depending on where in the world HMS Victory was. Fresh provisions would be supplemented whenever possible. How many tonnes of provisions could HMS Victory hold?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


720.54 tonnes (aprox.). 304.8 tonnes of fresh water, 121.9 tonnes of cannonballs, 50.8 tonnes of beer, 50.8 tonnes of fuel for galley stove, 45.7 tonnes of biscuits, 35.6 tonnes of gunpowder, 30.5 tonnes each of salt pork and salt beef, 20.3 tonnes of spare lumber, 15.24 tonnes of dried peas, 10.2 tonnes of flour and 2.1 tonnes each of butter and cheese.



So this is the Victory? You say she is the fastest sailing three decker of her day? Launched in 1765 at a cost of HOW MUCH?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


63,176 Pounds (1765 pounds). In 1765, a laborer made about 6 shillings for a 10 to 12 hour day, or a little less than 100 pounds a year.



Okay, now you've gotta name ALL the crew ... alphabetically ... Hmmmm, I see that's caused quite a bit of grumblin' out there. Okay then ... How old was the youngest crew member aboard HMS Victory in Oct. 1805?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


12. Thomas Twitchet was 12 years old in Oct.1805. Samuel Robbins was 13. William Huchinson was 14. James Ludford was 15. There were a total of 31 boys aboard, the oldest being 19 year old George Smith. In some cases, a boy was a 'young gentleman apprentice', hoping to become an officer himself. These boys acted as servants to the officers. Commissioned officers were entitled to 1 or 2 servants. The captain was allowed 4 servants for every 100 members of the ship's crew. There were 21 midshipmen aboard, young naval officers in training. Some boys were "powder monkeys" ,the 6th member of a 6 man gun crew, who rushed dangerous gunpowder cartridges from the handling chamber deep inside the ship, back to their guns. During battle, all nonessential crew, including any women aboard, helped with this task.



Like it or not, you're "a blue in the Andrew" now. What does this mean?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


You're a sailor in the Royal Navy. A "blue" was a soldier's slang name for a sailor and "the Andrew" or Royal Navy, comes from an over zealous press gang officer, Andrew Miller, who was said to have pressed so many men that it wasn't the Royal Navy but his navy.



Let's see if I can trick you again. How many crew members made up a six-man gun crew?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


6. Six sailors made up a six-man gun crew, who were known by numbers, thereby simplifying orders. #1 The gun captain, primed, aimed and fired the cannon. He wasn't an officer but a rating and not a member of the gunner's crew, (the gunner, gunner's mate, amourer,etc. aboard ship). #2 Raised and turned the cannon's barrel. #3 Loaded the cannon. #4 Damped down sparks before reloading. #5 Helped move the cannon's barrel and passed ammunition. #6 Was the 'powder monkey', often a boy or sometimes a woman, who fetched fresh ammunition from the handling chamber deep within the ship's hold.



Let's get to know your shipmates. Who is the Captain of the HMS Victory in 1805?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


Thomas Masterman Hardy. Thomas Masterman Hardy was the 18th Captain of HMS Victory since she was commissioned in 1778. Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson, the 16th Admiral to choose HMS Victory as his flagship, (sinced she was commissioned in 1778) was the Commander-in-Chief of the entire English fleet of 27 ships, (Oct. 1805). Lieutenant William Bligh was in command of the HMS Bounty, when, on April 28th, 1789, Master's Mate Fletcher Christian and 25 crewmembers mutinied. Bligh and 18 of his supporters, adrift in a 23 foot launch, sailed 3618 miles back to civilization. James T. Kirk, was, (will be?), Captain of the Starship Enterprise.



Including Vice-Admiral Nelson, how many souls make up the crew of HMS Victory in Oct. 1805?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #1 (thumbsucker)


821. 9 commissiond officers, 98 non-commissioned and warrant officers, midshipmen and petty officers, 43 supply, supernumeraries and Admiral's retinue, 492 landsmen, able and ordinary seaman, 31 boys,(1st, 2nd and 3rd class) plus 135 marines led by 11 officers and non-commissioned officers.



In March 1780, HMS Victory's hull was covered with 3923, four feet by 14 inches, copper plates that protected her hull from what?

Ahoy Matey, Life aboard Man-O-War, HMS Victory #2 (thumbsucker)


Ship worms. Ship worms, tendeos or "termites of the sea" (teredo navalis) or "cappanus" as seamen called them, aren't worms but marine mollusks similar to clams, that bore into wood. The holes get bigger as the ship worm grows. Ship worms could eat out the bottom of a vessel in a few weeks. Gribbles or 'roly polies' (limnoria lignorum) are marine animals that are related to the terrestrial pill bugs, and also eat wood. Before copper sheets were introduced, broad headed iron nails (filling a ship's bottom) lead sheets and thin wooden sheathing, were used to protect wooden hulls against marine borers. Barnacles slow a ship down and reduce maneuverability.

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