Special Sub-Topic: Early Modern Europe Click Here To Play: Early Modern Europe

What was the name given to the break-away of certain groups from the Roman Catholic Church, originally instigated by Martin Luther?

The Reformation. This would not have become such a major movement without the relatively recent invention of the printing press.

Who became Chief Minister to King Louis XIII of France on 13th August 1624?

Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu. Richelieu was responsible for building France into an absolutist state whilst he was Chief Minister.

Who was the Monarch of England when they became involved in the Thirty Years War?

James I. James I of England was son of Mary, Queen of Scots and had pro-Spanish sympathies even after the start of the Thirty Years War.

What name was given to the body set up to review and reform the Roman Catholic Church, which sat between 1545 and 1563?

Council of Trent. This council laid down clear doctrine and strict uniformity for the religious and moral life of Roman Catholics throughout the world.

Who became Pope in 1513?

Leo X. Leo X was Pope for 8 years and promoted the Renaissance in Rome as one of the Medici family.

Who was the first Tudor King of England?

Henry VII. Henry VII reigned from 1485 to 1509 and was the father of the infamous Henry VIII!

What was the name given to those scholars that studied and taught grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and moral philosophy in the 15th and 16th centuries?

Humanists. Humanists believed in the dignity of man, and activity above contemplation.

Who was executed in 1535 for failing to take the Oath of Supremacy?

Thomas More. The Oath was required by the Succession Act. It repudiated the Pope and recognized the legitimacy of the marriage and children of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

Who led the Spanish expedition which was the first successful circumnavigation of the world?

Ferdinand Magellen. Magellan never returned home, as he was killed in a local war on Mactan Island in 1521.

Who did Henry VIII marry in 1536?

Jane Seymour. Jane Seymour was his third wife and mother of King Edward VI of England. She died shortly after the birth of her son.