Special Sub-Topic: Former German And Italian States Click Here To Play: Former German And Italian States

Berlin.

Prussia. This was of course the main German state and also the most important state within the unified German Empire.

Munich.

Bavaria. Bavaria was the second biggest of the German states. Joined North German Confederation 1870 and German Empire 1871.

Dresden.

Saxony. Saxony had lost the northern part of the territory to Prussia already 1815 as part of the peace settlement at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. The rest of the kingdom became a free state within the German Empire in 1871.

Dessau.

Anhalt. Joined the North German Confederation 1866 and became part of German Empire 1871.

Karlsruhe.

Baden. Military ally with Austria against Prussia in war 1866. After war forced to become military ally with Prussia.

Darmstadt.

Hesse-Darmstadt. After supporting Austria in the 'Seven Weeks' War' of 1866, this state was forced to cede part of its territory to Prussia, who won the war.

Kassel.

Hesse-Kassel. Also known as 'Electora Hesse', this state was annexed by Prussia in 1866 for having sided with Austria.

Schwerin.

Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Joined North German Confederation in 1866.

Neustrelitz.

Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Joined the North German Confederation in 1867.

Stuttgart.

Wuerttemberg. Constitutional monarchy 1819-1918. Associated with Prussia 1870 and part of German Empire 1871.

Coburg.

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Saxe-Gotha was made part of Thuringia 1920, while Saxe-Coburg was made part of Bavaria. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha is also the former name of the British Royal family. They changed their name to the Windsors due to anti-German sentiments in World War I.

Wiesbaden.

Hesse-Nassau. Formerly a Prussian province formed from territories annexed in 1866.

Weimar.

Saxe-Weimar. Weimar was capital of duchy of Saxe-Weimar 1547-1918. This of course was the residence of Goethe and Schiller and the most important cultural centre of Germany.

Naples.

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. This kingdom consisted of Sicily and the south of Italy.

Turin.

Kingdom of Sardinia. This kingdom consisted of Savoy, Piedmont and Sardinia.

Milan.

Lombardy. Ceded by Austria to Napoleon III of France in 1859 who turned it over to Piedmont in the same year.

Florence.

Tuscany. Tuscany for a while was part of Kingdom of Sardinia and was made part of unified Kingdom of Italy 1860.

Ravenna.

Romagna. In 1860 Romagna, the Marches and Umbria - all of them Papal States - joined Piedmont.

Ancona.

Marches. Voted in favor of union with Italy 1860 and thus against being part of The Papal States as they had been up to then.

Perugia.

Umbria. Both Romagna, Umbria and Marches were part of the Papal States. The Pope retained secular control over the Diocese of Rome ('The Patrimony of St. Peter') until 1870.