Special Sub-Topic: The French and Indian Wars Click Here To Play: The French and Indian Wars

The French and Indian Wars were triggered when French and Algonquian Indians massacred the inhabitants of this city in 1690. Which?

Schenectady. The Indians were highly feared in America because of their relentless massacres of the inhabitants of cities. Some people say that the French and Indian Wars actually started in 1689 when Indians (who were loyal the the British) raided Montreal.

The first phase of the French and Indian Wars lasted from 1690 until 1697. What is the name of the phase?

King William's War. This phase was ended with the signing of The Treaty of Ryswick in 1697. Five years later, war erupted again.

The second phase of the French and Indian Wars lasted from 1702 to 1713. What is the name of the second phase?

Queen Anne's War. One of the most infamous incidents of Queen Anne's War was the French and Indian raid on Deerfield in 1704.

The third phase of the French and Indian Wars lasted from 1744 to 1748. What is the name of the third phase?

King George's War. After years of hostility, the third phase finally began. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the third phase.

The fourth and final phase of the French and Indian Wars lasted from 1756-1763. What is the name of the fourth phase?

The French and Indian War (aka The Seven Years' War). This was the most dramatic of the four phases. It was full of action.

Name the person who built Fort Necessity.

George Washington. Washington was sent to take over Fort Duquesne but after killing 10 French, he retreated and built Fort Necesity. The French attacked Fort Necesity and Washington had no choice but to surrender because he was low on supplies. This triggered the final phase of the wars.

Edward Braddock led an expedition to take over Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was very unsuccesful. The French and Indians massacured the expedition before it even got to Fort Duquesne. About half of the people in the expedition were killed. What is the nickname that he earned through his attitude?

Bulldog & Bulldog Braddock & The Bulldog & bull dog. Braddock used horrible tatics while marching to Fort Duquesne. He carved through the forest (this eventually became the Wilderness Road) in order to get there. He actually used Daniel Boone as a lumberjack. (I think he could have benefitted them in other ways). He also had his band playing as they made their way through the forest. Braddock was killed during the retreat after the French and Indians attacked. About half of the people in the expedition were killed. Had the Indians pressed the attack instead of stopping to scalp dead soldiers, the casualties would have been much worse.

When Fort Duquesne was finally taken over by the British, it was renamed what?

Fort Pitt. It was named after Prime Minister William Pitt. Fort Pitt was on very valuable land because it was at the junction of three rivers (Ohio, Monongahela, and the Allegheny rivers). Fort Pitt is now Pittsburgh.

Fort Ticonderoga and Crown Point were located by two lakes. Name one of them.

Lake Champlain & Lake George. The two lakes are Lake Champlain and Lake George. Fort Ticonderoga and Crown Point were French until the British took both of them over.

The movie "Northwest Passage" (true story) is about Rogers' Rangers (a band of British-American people that utilize camouflage and sneak attack tactics who are named after their founder and leader: General Robert Rogers). Rogers' Rangers leave for an expedition from Crown Point to destroy a band of Abenaki Indians in 1759. In what settlement were the Abenaki Indians located?

Saint Francis. The Rangers’ greatest exploit was their journey to and the destruction of the Abenaki settlement of St. Francis in 1759 and their return journey through the woods to avoid the French. This story was made famous by Kenneth Roberts in "Northwest Passage".

The climax of the French and Indian Wars featured the French commander Louis Joseph de Montcalm versus General James Wolfe of the British at the Battle of Quebec. What is the name of the field that the battle took place?

The Plains of Abraham & Abraham & Plains of Abraham. This was the descisive battle of the war. Montcalm and Wolfe were both killed.

After their triumph at Quebec, the British went on to take over this city. Which?

Montreal. The capture of Montreal was the final nail in the coffin for the French.

This treaty was signed in 1763 that officially ended the French and Indian Wars.

Treaty of Paris. Various treaties signed in Paris and called the "Treaty of Paris" ended many wars including The French and Indian War and the American Revolution.

What land did the British *not* receive for winning the last of the French and Indian wars?

Martinique. France was forced to give up just about all of its land in America. They were allowed to keep several islands including Martinique and Guadeloupe and Louisiana west of the Mississippi as well as New Orleans. These last two were promptly given to Spain for Spanish support in the later stages of the war.

The British had huge debts because of the French and Indian Wars. In order to help get repay them, the British taxed many things in the American colonies, since they were the primary beneficiaries of the war. Which was *not* an item that was heavily taxed by the British?

Lumber. The passing of the Stamp Act and Sugar Act made the colonies furious. The tea taxes were protested by the Boston Tea Party, which was when some radicals (called the Sons of Liberty, headed by John Hancock) dressed like Mohawk Indians and dumped tons of tea into Boston Harbor. All of this eventually led to the American Revolution.