North of the Humber

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1. Allthough Deira was the older of the two Anglian kingdoms to the north of the Humber, the first to be noted in the Anglo-Saxon chronicle was that of Bernicia. Ida captured and restored the fortress that was later to be known as Bamburgh. But what originally was the name of this fortress? Ebrauc Din Guairi Din Eityn Alcluith

2. Little is known about Deira before the reign of Aelle. However the 'Historia Brittonum' includes a genealogy of the kings of Deira, which notes a chieftain responsible for the begining of the kingdom. Who is this chieftain? Ossa Sebald Iffi Soemil

3. In historical terms, he was considered as the first king of a united Northumbria. Bede compared him to Saul king of the Israelits. Who was this pagan king of Bernicia and, later king of Northumbria ? Ida Edwin Aethelfrith Aethelric

4. Aedan mac Gabran, the Irish king of Dalriada threatened by Aethelfrith's growing power, led a great army against Aethelfrith, and allthough inferior in numbers, Aethelfrith defeated him in which battle of 603? Degsastan Nechtansmere Catraeth Winwaed

5. A battle fought c. 616, which was seen by Bede as divine retribution for the Welsh bishops having refused to submit to St Augustine and accept the authority of Rome and recant their heretical adherence to the calendar of the Celtic church. St Augustine had prophesied, "If they do not have peace with us, they will die at the hands of the Saxons." Which battle was it? Maserfeld Chester Catraeth Inis Metcaud

6. When Aethelfrith sized power in Deira, Edwin son of Aelle, was forced into exile. But where did Edwin spend his time in exile? East Angila Gwynedd Mercia In all three of these

7. Aethelfrith tried to bribe Raedwald to kill Edwin, but this had no effect; he then sent more messengers and demanded that Edwin be killed or surrendered or face war. Raedwald was persuaded by his wife that a man of honour could not betray his guest, and so gathered an army and met Aethelfrith in battle. But on the banks of which river? Aire Wharf Idle Ouse

8. Edwin regained his kingdom after the death of Aethelfrith, and was also accepted as king in Bernicia. But what was Edwin's first act as the new king of Northumbria? He attacked the kingdom of Elmet He attacked the kingdom of Gwynedd He converted to Christianity He married the king of Kent's daughter

9. By the late 620s Edwin was said to have held overlordship over all the English kingdoms, with the exception of Kent. He was also overlord of Anglesey and Man having driven its king into exile. Who was this king? Cadwallon Gruffudd Owain Caradog

10. At which disastrous battle in 633 were Edwin and his son Osfrith killed, and his other son Eadfrith captured ? Maserfield Hatfield Chase Fulford Tettenhall