1. All sexually active people are considered "at risk" for HIV infection. Sexually-active, older women (post-menopausal) are a particular concern. All of the following factors contribute to HIV risk in older women except what? A high rate of IV drug abuse among older women. A greater tendency for older women to develop vaginal tears. A reluctance of older women to use condoms for intercourse. A tendency of older women to not recognize that they are at risk.

2. The prevalence of HIV infection in American women steadily increased from the dawn of the AIDS epidemic in the early 1980's through the turn of the century. True False

3. Among American women, what race/ethnicity accounted for the greatest number of female AIDS patients in the 20th century? Black, non -Hispanic women Hispanic women White, non-Hispanic women American Indian women

4. In 2004, Researchers at the XV International AIDS conference in Bangkok, Thailand described what they called a "Sugar Daddy Phenomenon" in South Africa. They postulated that this phenomenon was responsible for what startling finding among South African teens? For every HIV infected teenage boy in South Africa, there were five infected teenage girls. For every HIV infected teenage girl, there were two HIV infected teenage boys. For every HIV infected teenage boy , there were three HIV infected teenage girls. Equal numbers of teenage boys and girls were infected.with HIV

5. Female to female sexual transmission of HIV has not been reported amongst monogamous lesbians who are not IV drug abusers. True False

6. Of the following countries, which was the first to report a sustained decline in their HIV/AIDS prevalence data since the global AIDS epidemic began in the early 1980's? The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is defined by the percentage of people in a population currently living with HIV or AIDS. United States Madagascar Swaziland Uganda

7. What factor does not help explain the large percentages of HIV infected women in Sub-Sahara Africa? A distrust of Western medicine The disempowerment of women in these cultures The high rate of IV drug abuse amongst this population The high incidence of uncircumcised males in these cultures

8. Which malignancy is considered an AIDS-defining illness in an HIV positive woman regardless of the woman's CD4 cell count? Adenocarcinoma of the ovary Inflammatory breast cancer Clear cell carcinoma of the vagina Invasive carcinoma of the cervix

9. What is the likelihood that an HIV positive mother will transmit her HIV infection to her newborn baby, if the mother does not receive any anti-retroviral therapy? 25% 40% 90% 15%

10. Which factor does not increase the likelihood that an HIV positive mother will transmit her infection to her newborn child? Vaginal delivery Delivery by Cesarean section Breast feeding the newborn A high maternal viral load at time of delivery