1. Which of the following is a principle of punishment that establishes the basis of deterrence? Certainty All of these Celerity Severity

2. What term did Cesare Lombroso use to describe persons whom he believed to be biological throwbacks to more primitive ancestors? Rama pithicus Criminaloids Atavists Neanderthals

3. Which of these assumes that there is an internal mechanism which predisposes a person to engage in crime? Differential Association Theory Conflict Theory Learning Theory Biological Control Theory

4. The Shaw and McKay studies found that rates in delinquency were highest in the ______? Residential Zone Central Business District Zone in Transition Working Class Zone

5. In which theory is criminality a symptom of underlying conflicts and emotional stress? Psychological Social Disorganization Social Control Biological Control

6. Who developed the ecological approach to studying crime? Ernest Burgess Clifford Shaw Robert Park Henry McKay

7. Taking one's own life for a greater cause is labled what type of suicide? Anomic Altruistic Egotistical Conformist

8. According to strain theory, crime is primarily committed by whom? Lower-class Middle-class Upper-class Graduation-class

9. Jake Glopnick is a college professor who has given up on the institutionalized goal of wealth, but still accepts the legitimate means for achieving wealth. According to Robert Merton, Jake is a(n) ______? Conformist Ritualist Innovator Retreatist

10. If a judge says to a convicted defendent: 'Conduct like yours is too widespread in our community. I'm going to throw the book at you to make an example of you,' this would exemplify: Marginal deterrence Specific deterrence Absolute deterrence General deterrence