Move Over Gloucester, Let the Shire Shine Quiz

Answer: Westminster Cathedral

The incorrect answer is Westminster Cathedral which is in London.

Cotswold Way goes from Chipping Campden in the north to Bath in the south. It is one of the 15 officially recognized National Trails in England and Wales. To follow the entire trail takes up to ten days. The 2014 record for running the full distance was 19 hours and 31 minutes. There are many sites to enjoy along the route.

Belas Knap Long Barrow is a Neolithic burial mound with multiple burial chambers thought to date from around 3000 B.C. Archaeologists have uncovered skeletons and pottery shards from the Bronze Age and the Roman period.

Haile's Abbey is a 13th-century Cistercian abbey near Winchcombe, founded by Richard, Earl of Cornwall in thanks for having survived a shipwreck. The English Heritage, a charity responsible for over 400 historic buildings, monuments and sites in England, manages the ruins and accompanying museum.

The Devil's Chimney at Leckhmpton is a limestone outcrop overlooking Cheltenham.

Answer: Dressage, cross country and jumping

Although badminton has close ties to the village of Badminton, it is not an equestrian sport. Badminton, a shuttlecock-based game, had its early origins in ancient Greece, Egypt, China and India. Soldiers returning from India in the second half of the 19th century played the sport at Badminton House, then the home of the Duke of Beaufort, hence the name.

One of his descendants, the 10th Duke of Beaufort, is the one who started the Badminton Horse Trials after watching English riders do poorly at the 1948 Olympics in London. Until then, officers of the British Calvary had represented England. The Duke suggested that having a more open, annual event on his property would help both in training and in selecting the equestrian teams for future Olympics. Unlike the Olympics at that time, women could compete. The first Badminton Horse Trials took place there the following year. The first European Championships were held there in 1953.

The Badminton Horse Trials continue to be considered one of the most prestigious equestrian competitions in the world. Single riders compete over multiple days in dressage, cross country and jumping.

Answer: A large wave caused as the tide enters a long, narrow, shallow inlet

The Severn Bore results from waves moving from the sea into the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary and up the Severn River as far as beyond Gloucester. As the waves move inland, they decrease in speed but grow in size. The Severn Bore occurs on about 130 days each year, but the strongest ones are after a full or new moon. The Severn bore is one of the highest in the world, with wave ranges that can reach as high as 15 m (41 ft). It is the third highest tidal range in the world after the Bay of Fundy and Ungava Bay.

The first recorded successful surfing of the Severn Bore was in 1955. River surfing should not be taken lightly. Although there is not a danger of being eaten by a shark, the risk from drowning is high. Downed trees, tree branches and piles of rocks can all snag surfers. Unlike ocean waves which are intermittent, leaving pauses for surfers to recover, river waves are constant, making it difficult for surfers to break free. River water also forms whirlpool-like holes that can drag under surfers.

Answer: She lived happily ever after to a ripe old age.

Katherine Parr (often spelled Catherine) did survive Henry VIII. After his death, she was courted by Sir Thomas Seymour, with whom she was romantically linked before her marriage to Henry VIII. Her marriage in secret to him less than a year after her husband's death provoked a scandal at court and led to her being stripped of the royal jewels. Alas, happily ever after was not to be. In March 1548, she became pregnant for the first time; she was then 35. During this time, her husband took a less than fatherly interest in her stepdaughter Elizabeth, who was sent away. A few months later, Katherine died of complications from childbirth at Sudeley Castle, which her son King Edward VI of England had given to Seymour when he made him Baron of Sudeley the previous year. Her funeral was the first Protestant funeral held in English.

Katherine Parr was the author of three published religious books: "Psalms or Prayers" in 1544; "Prayers or Meditations" in 1545; and "The Lamentation of a Sinner" in 1548. The first, published anonymously, was based on a longer, 15th century Latin text by Thomas à Kempis. The second was the first book published in English by a woman using her own name. The third was published the year she died.

The 14th-century Sudeley castle, built on the site of an earlier 12th-century castle, opened to the public in the early 1970s. Beside it, and once connected to the castle by the Queen's Walk, is St. Mary's church, rebuilt in 1460. Katherine Parr's tomb is there, the only English queen buried on private property.

Answer: Opera

The Longborough Festival Opera (yes, the word order is correct) has been held annually since 1991. Martin and Lizzie Graham started the festival in a tent on the grounds of their home. Known then as the Banks Fee Opera, it began with two performances by the Stratford-upon-Avon Travelling Opera.

In 1998, the festival moved into a new theatre in an old converted barn, with seats from the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, which was under renovation. They were the first privately owned opera house in England to present the complete Wagner's four-part "Ring Cycle".

Answer: The earliest signs of mining date from the 19th century.

The Clearwell Caves, in the Forest of Dean, is a natural cave system formed around 180 million years ago. Iron ore and ochre, which is a mixture of iron oxide and clay, have been mined there since the Middle Stone Age, around 5000 BC. The caves are also part of the Wye Valley Special Area of Conservation because both greater and lesser horseshoe bats and other bat species hibernate there from October to March.

By the time of the Normans, the Forest of Dean area had become one of the most significant iron mining areas in England, with special protections granted by various kings. Freemining is a longstanding custom which gave local inhabitants the right to extract the ore. The beginning of the privileges is uncertain, but there is already a record from 1244 giving Dean Free Miners exclusive rights. In 1612, the Dean Miners' Laws and Privileges or the Book of Dennis, set out the rights of access and the process for defining claims. The king was to receive royalties in cash or kind. The Dean Forest Act of 1838 determined that all males born in the area having worked more than a year in a coal or iron mine were considered Free Miners. In 2010, this was interpreted by the Crown's representative to include females; this is when the first female Free Miner was registered.

While full-scale mining ended after 1945, ochre is still being extracted from the caves for use in artists' paints.

Answer: Wars of Roses

The Tewkesbury Medieval Festival started in 1984. Approximately 2000 men and women dressed in medieval garb come together once a year to re-enact the 1471 battle between the House of Lancaster and the House of York (associated respectively with red and white roses), part of the 32-year civil war between the two houses.

It resulted in the decimation of the Lancaster troops, bringing Edward IV back to the throne and ending the second phase of the Wars of the Roses. The re-enactment is one of the largest in Europe.

The festival also features over a hundred stalls selling food and demonstrating medieval crafts. Some 25,000 visitors attend the weekend events.

Answer: Military aircraft

The Royal International Air Tattoo Show claims to be the world's largest military air show. Proceeds from the show go to the Royal Air Force Charitable Trust.

The Air Tattoo got off the ground in 1971 in Essex with 100 British planes. In 1976 it became the International Air Tattoo, and in 1979 it moved to the RFA Fairford airfield. In 1996, Queen Elisabeth II granted it special status and it became the Royal International Air Tattoo Show.

One usually thinks of a tattoo as being a musical performance with drums and fifes. The Air Tattoo organizers saw their air show as being a way to bring people together to "beat the drum" for North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) air arms. In 2003, the Guinness World Records recognized the show as the largest military air show ever, with 535 aircraft participating. In 2019, 185,000 spectators turned out for the air show.

Answer: Dr Edward Jenner

Dr Edward Jenner was born in Berkeley in 1749. After finishing his medical studies in London, he returned home to open his practice. His idea for the smallpox vaccine came from his observation that milkmaids rarely acquired the disease. He invented the vaccine by testing a form of the milder cowpox disease on his gardener's son. The use of his vaccine spread quickly throughout the world. Before his discovery, an estimated 400,000 people died each year in Europe alone in the 18th century. In the 20th century, up to 500,000 still died globally from the disease. It was only in 1980 that the World Health Assembly declared smallpox eradicated.

Jenner's home is now a museum where the public can learn about Jenner and his contributions in the place where his discovery happened.

Answer: Christopher Marlowe

The same family has occupied Berkeley Castle since their ancestor completed the keep in the 12th century. The archives date from 1154. King Edward II died there, and his ghost supposedly still haunts the castle.

In 1327, Queen Isabella, daughter of the French king Phillip IV, and her lover Roger Mortimer overthrew Edward II. There had been growing discontent even before Edward II succeeded his father, because of the Crown's requisition of goods and services to support the war with Scotland and for the financing of the royal household. There was also resentment over Edward's preferential treatment of Piers Gaveston, a member of his household from humble origins who he named Earl of Cornwall. Gaveston was exiled three times, each time returning to Court before being executed by a group led by Thomas of Lancaster and the Earl of Warwick. There is much speculation that Edward II and Gaveston were lovers.

After reforms intended to limit the power of the kings were revoked in 1322, and Edward II signed a peace treaty with Scotland in 1328, opposition to his reign reach peak levels. He sent his wife to negotiate a treaty with France. Instead, she allied herself with Roger Mortimer, then in exile, and the two returned with an army to depose Edward. He was captured in Wales and imprisoned in Berkeley Castle in 1327, where he died, believed to have been murdered in a most gruesome way.

Christopher Marlowe explored Edward II's relationship with Piers Gaveston and and his death in his play originally titled "The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England, with the Tragical Fall of Proud Mortimer".