Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts
1. Growth of governmental and financial institutions in the West was one of the many results of the Crusades. Popes and princes alike began to impose direct taxes upon their lands and subjects. For example, in 1188, the pope authorized the collection of a direct 10 percent tax of all clerical and lay revenues in order to finance the Third Crusade. This tax was known as the ____________.
2. Military-religious orders were created during the Crusades. Today the 'Knights of Malta', formerly known as _______, serve as a philanthropic organization acting as the principal arm of papal charities throughout the world.
3. In the year ________, in the reign of Sultan Mehmet II, the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, which marked the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
4. What nickname is often given to the great Mongol Empire established between 1237 and 1241?
5. In the 14th century, the population of Europe suffered a vast decline and the economy was severely disrupted. Name the major cause of this decline.
6. By the mid 15th century the technique of printing with movable metal type was being perfected. In 1455, ____________ a former jeweler and stonecutter, developed an alloy of antimony, tin, and lead with which he created a durbale press used to print his famous Bible.
7. The major conflict of the 14th century between England and France which began mainly as a result of Philip Valois of France attacking the frontiers of Aquitaine and declaring Edward III's (of England) fiefs forfeit was known as the ____________,
8. Between 1338 and 1360, the English held the upper hand winning major battles (of the above mentioned war) at Sluys (1340), Crecy (1346), and Poitiers (1356). This phase of the war ended in 1360. The treaty is known as ___________. Through terms of the treaty Edward renounced his claim to the French throne and England was given Calais and a larger territory in Aquitaine.
9. In 1367, Charles V of France began a second phase of battles which resulted in a resurgence of French power and ended in stalemate. After sporadic fighting between 1380 and 1415, Henry V of England invaded France and decimated the French at the Battle of _________.
10. According to the Treaty of ___________ (1420) King Charles VI of France proclaimed his son the Dauphin illegitimate and installed Henry as his successor and regent of France. Through this treaty, Henry was given rule over French lands as far as the Loire River and Charles' daughter's (Catherine) hand in marriage.
11. ___________________, a peasant girl who battled the English at Orleans and helped in restoring the Dauphin to the throne of France, was captured by the Burgundians who sold her to the English. She was later tried for witchcraft and heresy (1430) and burned at the stake at Rouen in 1431.
12. A civil war between the houses of York and Lancaster lasting for 35 years and ending in 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth Field is known by historians as the __________________.
13. Between the death of Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (1250) and the beginning of Rudolf of Hapsburg's reign (1273), several rivals contended for the title of Holy Roman Emperor. This tumultuous period was known as the _______________.
14. Beginning in the 1400s, an extremely influential Florentine banking family began to garner great political power. Name the family.
15. During the 14th and 15th Centuries, the papacy was profoundly transformed. In 1303 the College of Cardinals elected a Frenchman, Clement V, as Pope. Due to unrest in the papal states, Clement V decided to settle in France rather than Rome. This period of 'papal exile' from Rome was known as __________.
16. After 70 years of exile in France, Pope Gregory XI reluctantly returned to Rome where he died in 1378. At his death, the Romans feared that the papacy would again settle in France, so they favored election of an Italian pope. In response, the College of Cardinals elected Urban VI who was of French-Angevin decent. Urban VI sought to limit the privileges of the French cardinals; thus, only seven months later, the College of Cardinals named a new pope and moved back to France. During this period there were two, and later three popes who contended for leadership of the Church. This 40-year period is known as _____________.
17. During the papacy of Julius II (1503-1513), the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was painted by ____________.
18. In the 15th Century, ________________, a Portuguese prince, sought to expand Portuguese possessions. He captured the North African Port of Ceuta from the Arabs in 1415, and also began to patronize mapmakers, sailors, ship builders, and astronomers who were interested in discovering uncharted territory.
19. In 1487 another Portuguese, Bartolomeu Dias, was caught in a northerly gale spending thirteen days at sea without sight of land. After this harrowing experience, he finally made land fall on the east coast of Africa. He had sailed beyond _____________, which until that time had never been done. This discovery was the impetus for a race to discover a sea route to India.
20. The Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, funded the expedition of ___________________, a Genoese sailor, who believed he could find a route to Asia by sailing west. He set sail in 1492 and later discovered Hispaniola (now Haiti).
21. In 1494, the Spaniards and Portuguese, in order to avoid conflict, signed a treaty which gave Portugal posession of all newly discovered lands east of an imaginary line approximately 300 miles west of the Azores and Spain control of everything to the west. This treaty was known as the ______________.
22. The first expedition to successfully circumnavigate the world was led by ______________.
23. In 1519 ________________ landed on the Mexican coast and within two years conquered the Aztec civilization.
24. Cardinal _______ _______ was Henry VIII's extremely rich, powerful chief minister until 1529 when he angered the King by botching Henry's plan to divorce Catherine of Aragon.
25. _________________, a former servant of Wolsey in whom Henry VIII put his confidence, suggested that Henry break away from the Catholic Church and declare himself supreme head of the Church thus enabling himself to divorce Catherine of Aragon on his own authority.
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