Who was the first doping case in Olympic track and field?
The first official doping case in modern Olympic track and field (athletics) history was Polish discus thrower Danuta Rosani. During the 1976 Montreal Summer Olympics, which marked the very first time the International Olympic Committee (IOC) tested for anabolic steroids, Rosani qualified for the women's discus final. However, before she could compete, her drug test came back positive for an anabolic steroid. She was subsequently disqualified and removed from the Games. : While Rosani was the first inside track and field, the first overall athlete disqualified for doping under official testing was Swedish modern pentathlete Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall at the 1968 Mexico City Games. He was stripped of a bronze medal after testing positive for alcohol ("two beers" used to steady his nerves before the pistol shooting event). : Long before formal rules or testing protocols were introduced, American marathon runner Thomas Hicks famously collapsed after winning the 1904 St. Louis Olympic marathon. He had been openly administered a cocktail of brandy, egg whites, and strychnine (a stimulant in small doses) by his trainers mid-race. Because doping was not yet outlawed, he kept his gold medal. The 1988 Ben Johnson scandal in Seoul, which remains the most high-profile 100m sprint disqualification in Olympic history. How the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was created in 1999 to standardize international testing. The evolution of drug testing technology, moving from simple stimulant checks in 1968 to advanced blood profiling. (javelpaul143)
9 answers
Jul 17 26 by pehinhota
In which Italian city were more than 150 goldsmiths already practicing their trade in the fifth century?
The official document marking the importance of this trade is the Fratellanza degli Orefici (Constitution of the Guild of Goldsmiths of Vicenza), which was signed in 1399 (the late 14th century). At that time, Vicenza had a population of only about twenty thousand citizens, meaning the 150 practicing artisan goldsmiths represented an immense concentration of wealth and industry for a town of its size. Today, Vicenza remains celebrated as Italy's "City of Gold". It acts as a massive global production hub and hosts Vicenzaoro, Europe's largest gold and jewelry trade show. (javelpaul143)
3 answers
Jul 18 26 by pehinhota
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Jul 22 26 by serpa
In Track & Field, was Project 222 successful?
Yes, Project 222 was highly successful.On July 18, 2026, Scottish middle-distance runner Josh Kerr officially completed the project at the London Diamond League meet by running a historic 3:42.66 mile. In doing so, he shattered one of track and field's most elusive barriers and became the first man in history to run a mile in under 3 minutes and 43 seconds. Launched by Kerr and his sponsor Brooks Running in March 2026, the campaign was named "Project 222" because 3 minutes and 42 seconds equals exactly 222 seconds. The ultimate goal was to break the legendary, 27-year-old world record of 3:43.13 set by Morocco's Hicham El Guerrouj in 1999. : To pull it off, Kerr used an intense scientific regimen. He trained at high altitude in Albuquerque, slept in a home altitude chamber, tracked his heart rate variability via wearable tech, and raced in custom-engineered Brooks racing spikes. Roared on by 60,000 home fans at London Stadium, Kerr stayed perfectly on pace behind two specialized pacemakers. He broke away on the final lap to finish in 3:42.66, successfully bringing the mile world record back to Britain for the first time since the era of Sebastian Coe and Steve Cram.
https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/articles/cx2jl1wge2po
https://trackandfieldnews.com/josh-kerr-creating-the-conditions-where-wrs-become-inevitable/
(javelpaul143)
2 answers
Jul 22 26 by serpa
What does In-a-gadda-da-vida by Iron Butterfly mean?
Iron Butterfly frontman and keyboardist Doug Ingle wrote the song while drinking an entire gallon of Red Mountain wine. When he tried to play the song and sing the lyrics for drummer Ron Bushy, Ingle slurred his words so heavily that "In the Garden of Eden" came out as "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida". Bushy wrote down the slurred words phonetically. When Ingle saw them later, the band agreed that the mangled phrase sounded exotic, mystical, and perfect for the era's psychedelic rock vibe, so they kept it. (javelpaul143)
4 answers
Apr 26 07 by Raymore
Which island has a ghost town as its de jure capital? Why does no one live there?
Because the Soufrière Hills volcano began erupting in the mid?1990s and continued with repeated, destructive eruptions. Plymouth was buried under ash and pyroclastic flows, forcing the entire population to evacuate. Montserrat moved its government functions north to Brades, but Plymouth remains the island's official capital on paper - a rare case of a legally designated capital that is completely abandoned. (javelpaul143)
2 answers
Jan 29 22 by BigTriviaDawg
Carlshafen was the first name for which present-day ghost town in Texas?
Carlshafen ("Karl's Harbor") was the original German name given by Prince Carl of Solms?Braunfels.
The settlement was later renamed Indianola, which became a major 19th?century port on Matagorda Bay.
Indianola was destroyed by two catastrophic hurricanes (1875 and 1886) and never rebuilt, leaving it a ghost town today. (javelpaul143)
4 answers
Jul 27 26 by pehinhota
Who was the first doping case in Olympic track and field?
AyatollahK, what you said may be well and true, however the 1968 case is recognized as the first Olympic disqualification for performance enhancing drugs...
https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-consecutive-opponents-squash-singles
(elburcher)
9 answers
Jul 17 26 by pehinhota
Who was the first doping case in Olympic track and field?
I had wanted to stay out of this, but I can't. "Olympic track and field" is called "athletics" and is governed by the body currently known as World Athletics and formerly known as the International Amateur Athletics Federation. The modern pentathlon is NOT governed by World Athletics, so the answer to the question posed cannot be a pentathlete (sorry, Ianfranco and elburcher). As far as I can tell, the answer provided by looney_tunes -- Danuta Rosani of Poland, who was very unlucky to have been caught at the "steroid Olympics" in Montreal 1976 -- is the first person to have been involved in an Olympic doping case in "athletics", and so I voted for that response.
Liljenwall was indeed disqualified for doping, but, because it wasn't in a sport governed by World Athletics (the governing body for modern pentathlon is the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM)), he wouldn't be considered to be competing in Olympic track & field. (AyatollahK)
9 answers
Jul 17 26 by pehinhota
Carlshafen was the first name for which present-day ghost town in Texas?
The town was founded in 1844 by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels who called the place in honour of himself Carlshafen (meaning "Carl's Harbour"). It served as the main landing site for thousands of German immigrants entering Texas.
It was renamed Indianola in 1849 and became the second-largest port in the state after Galveston. However, it was destroyed by two massive hurricanes in 1875 and 1886 prompting the surviving residents to abandon the site permanently.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianola,_Texas
(wellenbrecher)
4 answers
Jul 27 26 by pehinhota
4 answers
Jul 27 26 by pehinhota
What is the song "Gold Lion" about?
Gold Lion" by Yeah Yeah Yeahs is a track that captivates listeners with its enigmatic and poetic imagery, leaving the interpretation open to personal reflection. The song's lyrics use the metaphor of a "gold lion" to explore themes of power, transformation, and self-discovery. A gold lion suggests regality and strength, yet also an element of mystique-something untamed and formidable.
https://songmeaningsblog.com/the-meaning-of-gold-lion-by-yeah-yeah-yeahs/#google_vignette
(pehinhota)
2 answers
Jan 18 08 by Mickey000
Why was the Proyecto Vida Silvestre launched in Colombia in 2014?
Under Colombia's "Compensaciones Ambientales" (Environmental Compensations) law companies that destroy nature through industrial activities like oil drilling must reforest or protect specific areas elsewhere. The "Proyecto Vida Silvestre" was launched in Colombia in 2014 as a legal obligation for the state oil company, Ecopetrol, to compensate for the environmental damage caused by its operations.
https://colombia.wcs.org/en-us/Project-Microsites/PROYECTO-VIDA-SILVESTRE.aspx (wellenbrecher)
1 answer
Jul 23 26 by pehinhota
In which Italian city were more than 150 goldsmiths already practicing their trade in the fifth century?
I feel compelled to point out that goldsmithing is an ancient occupation dating back several thousand years -- long before both the 5th and the 14th centuries. In Italy, the most significant ancient work was produced by the Etruscans ca. the 8th century BCE. Insofar as medieval goldsmiths' guilds are concerned, the Roman guild was probably founded in the 13th century but is documented as early as the Vicenza guild.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsmith
https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/gold-jewelry-of-the-etruscans/
https://www.universitadegliorefici.it/en/archivio-storico/ (lanfranco)
3 answers
Jul 18 26 by pehinhota
Who was the first doping case in Olympic track and field?
lanfranco I believe has the correct answer. To quote the Wikipedia article cited, the alcohol was consumed to "steady the nerves", which was considered to be "performance enhancing" and alcohol was a banned substance.
[quote]The first Olympic athlete to test positive for the use of performance-enhancing drugs was Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall, a Swedish pentathlete at the 1968 Summer Olympics, who lost his bronze medal for alcohol use, "two beers" to steady his nerves. Liljenwall was the only athlete to test positive for a banned substance at the 1968 Olympics, but as the technology and testing techniques improved, the number of athletes discovered to be chemically enhancing their performance increased as well.[/quote]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games (elburcher)
9 answers
Jul 17 26 by pehinhota
In Track & Field, was Project 222 successful?
I would say so, even if Josh Kerr missed his goal by .66 seconds. He set a new record for the mile running it in 3:42.66 beating the previous record of 3:45.94
Watch it here:
https://youtu.be/eYi2f4ONEDg?si=uGHvcTwtKJscNrkP (elburcher)
2 answers
Jul 22 26 by serpa
2 answers
Jul 22 26 by serpa
Who was the first doping case in Olympic track and field?
As can be seen using the link in the first post, the first time testing was done for anabolic steroids was in 1976 (before that, the testing was looking at stimulants). A number of athletes tested positive, including Danuta Rosani, a Danish discus thrower who would have finished in 11th place had she not been disqualified.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women's_discus_throw (looney_tunes)
9 answers
Jul 17 26 by pehinhota
In which Italian city were more than 150 goldsmiths already practicing their trade in the fifth century?
It's Vicenza, a city in the Veneto region in northeastern Italy.
[quote]It is enough to know that the first written evidence of the importance of this sector in the province dates back to the early 14th century, with the signing of the statute of "the Vicenza Guild of Goldsmiths", a corporation of more than 150 craftsmen who practised their profession in a population of twenty thousand inhabitants.[/quote]
https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-gold-work-of-vicenza-unioncamere/9QVxhtBtZwYA8A?hl=en (wellenbrecher)
3 answers
Jul 18 26 by pehinhota
9 answers
Jul 17 26 by pehinhota
Who was the first doping case in Olympic track and field?
That was a Pentathlete, Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall, in Mexico City, in 1968. That case actually involved alcohol, not a performance-enhancing drug.
I consider the Pentathlon to be more or less a track-and-field event, but some people might not. If not, then Ben Johnson was really the first important track and field athlete to be disqualified for doping.
See the history, below:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games (lanfranco)
9 answers
Jul 17 26 by pehinhota
1 answer
Jul 17 26 by serpa
2 answers
Jul 17 26 by pehinhota
Which city became the first capital of independent Greece in 1828?
That would be the city of ???????, which has been anglicised in various ways, including Nafplio, Nauplia and Navplion. It lies on the Peloponnese peninsula, sitting on a smaller peninsula in the Argolic Gulf. It has been inhabited since ancient times, including by Egyptians, Byzantines, Franks, Venetians and Turks.
Nafplio features an elevated landform called the Acronauplia, further fortified by walls and other fortifications added and maintained by the long series of empires that once held it. Thanks to this, Nafplio was one of the last Ottoman-held strongholds to fall to the Greeks in the Greek War of Independence, after a blockade starved the Ottomans over the course of a year.
From its capture in 1827 until 1834, Nafplio was the provisional and then official capital of the First Hellenic Republic, a precursor to the modern Greek government. This was again thanks to its robust fortification. The capital was moved to Athens in 1834, where it remains to this day. (patrickk)
2 answers
Jul 17 26 by pehinhota
Which of the flightless birds has the largest wings?
After a bit of research, the largest wingspan is the common ostrich (Struthio camelus).
Though they cannot fly, these birds have a wingspan of between two and three meters (6.5-9.8 feet). They beat out the other flightless birds by quite a fair bit - emus and cassowaries have tiny ones, for example. Second place would be the South American rhea, whose wings are about 1.5 meters (5 feet).
The ostrich lives in a hot African climate and uses these wings for temperature regulation. They are also used as sails or rudders while the ostrich is running. They court the females of the species with the wings, and they can also serve as intimidation against animals that would want ostrich for dinner.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_birds#:~:text=The%20largest%20extant%20species%20of%20bird%20measured,living%20bird%2C%20averaging%201.4%20kg%20(3.1%20lb).
(LeoDaVinci)
1 answer
Jul 16 26 by pehinhota
The Spanish Inquisition was authorized by Pope Sixtus IV in 1478; when was it abolished?
The Spanish Inquisition did not come to an end all at once. Instead, it was abolished, restored and abolished several times. Here's an overview:
1478: Established after being authorised by Pope Sixtus IV.
1808: Joseph Bonaparte, who had been installed as King of Spain by Napoleon, abolished the Inquisition in the territories under his control. However, his rule was not recognised by many Spaniards.
1813: The Cortes of Cádiz, the liberal Spanish parliament, also abolished the Inquisition - this time as an act of the legitimate Spanish government.
1814: After returning to the Spanish throne, King Ferdinand VII restored the Inquisition.
1820: During the Liberal Revolution in Spain, the Inquisition was suppressed again.
1823: After Ferdinand VII regained absolute power, he restored the Inquisition once more.
On 15 July 1834, Queen Regent Maria Christina finally abolished the Spanish Inquisition by royal decree on behalf of the young Queen Isabella II.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition#End_of_the_Inquisition
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Spanish-Inquisition#ref327586
(wellenbrecher)
1 answer
Jul 15 26 by pehinhota
1 answer
Jul 13 26 by apathy100
How many people witnessed Uruguay defeat Argentina in the first FIFA World Cup final at the Estadio Centenario in Montevideo?
Some sources give the actual attendance as 93,000 (the designated capacity of the stadium for the World Cup).
The 100,000 capacity of the Centario stadium was not completed until 18th July 1930, 5 days after the tournament started. Construction had commenced in February 1930. The organisers limited the capacity to 93,000 for safety reasons.
https://lermitte.be/boek-engels/History%20of%20the%20World%20Cup_%201930%20-%202010%20-%20Clemente%20Angelo%20Lisi.pdf
(at p25 and p34 of 598)
FIFA have now put the number in attendance at 80,000
https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/olympicgames/paris2024/articles/uruguay-1924-1928-1930-world-cup
(gtho4)
3 answers
Jul 13 26 by serpa
How many people witnessed Uruguay defeat Argentina in the first FIFA World Cup final at the Estadio Centenario in Montevideo?
Immediately after the match on 30 July 1930, the Local Organising Committee calculated ticket sales. This internal accounting process yielded an exact number of 68,346 paid spectators. FIFA formally adopted this figure when processing the Uruguayan Football Association's financial and administrative balance sheets in late 1930. It was entered into the official historical ledger to distinguish paid ticket holders from the large unrecorded crowd.
However, other sources cite figures of up to 90,000 or even 100,000 spectators.
[quote]The Press Association's World Cup final report gave the attendance as 100,000. The official attendance was subsequently recorded as 68,346 but, with reports claiming that many thousands were turned away from a 90,000 capacity stadium, the 100,000 figure might be more accurate. In any case, the attendance for the biggest football match that had ever been played was not quite as big as had been seen at cup finals and home internationals in Britain.[/quote]
https://medium.com/soccer-stories/the-so-called-worlds-association-football-championship-3f825e7b10e6 (wellenbrecher)
3 answers
Jul 13 26 by serpa
2 answers
Jul 13 26 by serpa
Who was the only German emperor to be buried in Rome?
Otto II, despite being a German emperor, was buried in Rome. This was because he died in Rome of malaria on December 7, 983AD. Since it was in winter, it was decided not to transport Otto II back home and instead bury him where he died. However, his remains would later be moved to St. Peter Basilica in the Vatican.
https://writingroma.wordpress.com/2023/12/06/in-the-vatican-grottoes-today-et-saeculum-et-in-saeculum-saeculi/ (Buddy1)
2 answers
Jul 13 26 by pehinhota
2 answers
Jul 13 26 by pehinhota
3 answers
Jul 13 26 by serpa
2 answers
Jul 13 26 by serpa
When was the first time an electric guitar was used in a public performance?
The first public performance featuring an electric guitar took place on 31 October 1932, when bandleader Gage Brewer played an early prototype of the Rickenbacker Electro A-22, which would later become known as the "Frying Pan". The instrument was made of cast aluminium and equipped with one of the first magnetic pickups.
https://guitarlines.com/the-electric-guitar-revolution-who-started-playing-electric-guitar/
https://www.tiktok.com/@instrumenttales/video/7366067565304548639 (wellenbrecher)
1 answer
Jul 13 26 by odo5435
Dia de Mártires da Liberdade is a national holiday in which country?
The Angolan commemoration of colonial uprising actually has a somewhat longer name, Dia dos Mártires da Repressão Colonial, which translates to Day of the Martyrs of Colonial Repression.
https://www.africa-press.net/angola/all-news/angola-celebrates-martyrs-day (looney_tunes)
3 answers
Jul 12 26 by pehinhota
Which is the only Scottish football club to have played in an English FA Cup Final?
The only Scottish football club to have played in an English FA Cup Final is Queen's Park F.C.. Based in Glasgow, the historic club achieved this feat in consecutive years, losing both times to Blackburn Rovers. In the early years of the competition, Scottish teams regularly entered the English FA Cup until the Scottish Football Association banned its members from participating in 1887. (javelpaul143)
2 answers
Jul 09 26 by pehinhota
Till 1864 which items were known as timbres poste?
Until 1864, postage stamps were specifically known as "timbres-poste" in French-speaking countries. While the term "timbre" originally referred to an official paper mark or tax stamp, the specific phrase "timbre-poste" became the universal French designation for the adhesive paper squares used to prepay mail delivery. (javelpaul143)
2 answers
Jul 10 26 by pehinhota
2 answers
Jul 10 26 by pehinhota
Dia de Mártires da Liberdade is a national holiday in which country?
Dia de Mártires da Liberdade is a national holiday in Angola.
Even though the page content couldn't be displayed due to filtering, this one is a clean piece of African independence?era history: the holiday commemorates the events of February 4, 1961, when anti?colonial activists launched actions in Luanda that helped ignite the broader Angolan War of Independence. (javelpaul143)
3 answers
Jul 12 26 by pehinhota
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