1. References to emerald occur in Latin, Egyptian, Sanskrit and other ancient records. What can we say with certainty about all the stones mentioned? They are green in color. They are transparent or translucent. They are extremely hard stones. All references are talking about the same stone.

2. Emeralds from Sandwana were considered the finest in the world, until the discovery of the Colombian mines. What is the current (2004) name of the country where Sandwana emeralds were found? Zaire Zimbabwe Zambia Zuberoa

3. What coloring agent produces the distinctive green of emerald, according to the Gemological Institute of America? Either chromium or vanadium Iron Chromium only Either chromium or vanadium, along with iron

4. Emerald is part of which mineral family? Beryl Chrysoberyl Quartz Corundum

5. Some stones from the same mineral family are also green but paler and clearer than emerald. Which coloring agent causes this? Vanadium Either chromium or vanadium Chromium Iron

6. Other gemstones from the same family as emerald include all but which of these? Morganite Heliodor Aquamarine Chrysoberyl

7. Which of these properties is not mystically conferred by the emerald upon its wearer, according to gemologist and folklorist George F. Kunz? Relief from bowel disorders Relief from eyestrain Sexual passion Ability to fortell the future

8. Compared with related beryl gemstones, emerald could be accurately called which? Easier to polish Harder and tougher Darker and more intense in color Less cloudy

9. A mineral called bixbite is described for commercial purposes as a type of emerald. Why is this controversial? Bixbite has never been found in Colombia. Bixbite is not from the same mineral group as emerald. Bixbite is not green. Bixbite is never transparent.

10. The "emerald filter" is used in gemology to distinguish emerald from other similar-appearing stones. This filter is also known as... Chartreuse filter Chatham filter Chelsea filter Chesterfield filter