1. Vision is the main sensory system used by humans to understand the surrounding world. But do we actually perceive what is outside? Which of the following statements is NOT true? The way objects look depends on what we know about them People born blind have a large amount of inborn visual data stored in their brains The way objects look depends on what we expect them to look like One eye is all that is needed for 3D perception of the external world

2. The same region in the brain is responsible for visualizing both external stimuli (e.g. apples in the outer world) and internal stimuli (e.g. apples from our memories). True False

3. Many organisms are capable of discriminating ultraviolet (UV) light, but humans are not one of them. Which of the following is INCORRECT? We do not have the neural circuit to process UV light signals UV light is harmful to our neurons and we need protection from its damaging effects Our retinal cells (photoreceptors) are not sensitive in the UV spectral region Our optical media is opaque to UV light

4. Our eyes function both at night and at daylight conditions. Measuring light intensity in the smallest of units, how much light is just enough to stimulate the retinal cells? 10 photons 1000 photons 100 photons A single photon

5. Colour vision is a human capability that turns everyday experience to a joyful one, but it's not to be taken for granted. Which of the following statements is NOT true? "Colour" is subjective, i.e. objects have electromagnetic reflectance and emission properties that are represented in the human brain as their "colour" Some people experience green-coloured objects as red since they are partially colour-blind due to absence of relevant photoreceptors An object's colour depends on the colour of its surroundings The Greeks had only four colour terms: black, white, yellow, and red

6. The moon and the sun appear larger near the horizon than they do while higher up in the sky. Other artifacts, like airplanes and clouds, are not subject to this illusion. This illusion is a result of a magnification effect of the Earth’s atmosphere (just like a spoon looks bigger when dipped in a glass of water). True False

7. "Critical Period" is the period of time in which a deprivation of stimuli to an organism results in the inability to develop specific sensorial function in the future. The parents of one child were doubtful about the validity of this theory and raised him from birth up to 7 years in an environment in which he was exposed only to horizontal lines. What will be his expected reaction when visiting a forest for the first time (assume trees are purely vertical)? Trees will seem to have a strange horizontally elongated shape He will not be able to make even one step ahead In order to perceive the forest as normal person do he will have to incline his head by 90 degrees sideways He will be constantly dazzled by incoming light

8. "Split Brain" is the result of severing the corpus callosum, a neural structure connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. It is usually induced in a surgical operation. When shown an object only to the left hemisphere of a split brain patient (by placing it in the right visual field), the person will know what the object is, but will be unable to name it. True False

9. Human face recognition is a visual task of major importance in everyday life. Which of the following statements does NOT describe a valid characteristic of face recognition? It is easier for us to learn and recognize the face of a person of our own race Wigs pose great difficulties for the correct recognition of well known people An absurdly disfigured face might look normal when seen upside down Changes of size and illumination dramatically reduce our face recognition performance

10. The perception of a moving object is a result of a combination of at least two brain functions: shape perception and movement perception. There are people whose movement "module" is malfunctioning (movement agnosia). What people with this deficiency at its advanced stages are experiencing? They lose the ability to recognize the faces of their own children as soon as they start to move Both When they pour tea into cups, the water seems frozen, like a waterfall turned to ice Neither