Special Sub-Topic: Philippine Government History (The Republic) Click Here To Play: Philippine Government History (The Republic)

The First Republic of the Philippines was established during a war. Which one?

Philippine-American War. Emilio Aguinaldo, the very first Philippine President, ruled from 1898 to 1901 in Malolos, Bulacan. The conflict between the First Republic and the United States of America had started the "Philippine-American War" or also called "Philippine Insurrection". This war had lasted for three years (1899-1902).

Who won the first Philippine National Presidential Election?

Manuel Luis Quezon. The first Philippine President of the Commonwealth and the "Father of the Philippine language", Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944) was recognized by the US after the Philippines gained self-government in 1916. He won the elections in 1935 against First Republic President Emilio Aguinaldo and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay.

During the World War II, the "Puppet Government" (Second Republic) was set up in the Philippines during Japan's occupation of the country. The name of the lawyer-politician appointed by the Japanese was Sergio Osmeņa.

False. 1941-1945: World War II affected not only the Philippines but also the Allied and Axis Powers around the world. Sergio Osmeņa was the First Vice President of the Philippines (1935-1944) before he became the successor to Manuel L. Quezon, who died of tuberculosis in New York. Jose P. Laurel's presidency had put him in danger because of his collaboration with the Japanese. He was selected by the National Assembly to serve as the 3rd President of the Philippines, but he was nearly shot.

Manuel Roxas became the last Commonwealth President before the Philippines gained independence from United States.

True. The successor to Sergio Osmeņa as the third and last Commonwealth President, Manuel Roxas served the Commonwealth for only 37 days (28th of May - 4th of July 1946). He became the President of the Third Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946 until his death in 1948.

This late lawyer-politician from Ilocos had served two Republics, and the longest seated President of the Philippines. His name was _____________________.

Ferdinand Marcos & Ferdinand Edralin Marcos & Ferdinand Edralin Sr & Marcos. He served 21 years as the President until "People Power Revolution" in February 1986. He was the 6th President of the Third Republic (1969-1973), First Prime Minister/New Society President (1978-1981), and also the First President of the 4th Republic (1981-1986) of the Philippines.

This former Senator, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino was shot at Manila International Airport after seven years in exile. When did this assassination happened?

21st of August 1983. The late Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino's death had shocked the whole Philippines because of the assasination in Manila Internation Airport. Almost 2 million people came to express their condolences to his family. The 21st of August is now a national holiday in the Philippines.

1986: Three years after Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino's death, the battle cries of the nation had changed. The Filipinos protested in the streets using prayers and flowers, instead of knives and guns. What was the name of this revolution?

EDSA Revolution & People Power Revolution & EDSA 1 & People Power. Despite Marcos winning against Ninoy's widow, Corazon Aquino, some of his supporters said that the results of the February 7 snap election were unreliable because of malpractice. Two of the officials, former President Fidel Ramos (Vice Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces) and Senator Juan Ponce Enrile (Minister of Defense), had supported Ninoy's widow as the victorious president. The late Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin, had also supported these officials and called the nation to support the movement for change, via Radio Veritas.

Two significant events happened on this say in Philippine history: 1. The revolution ended when the former president and his family fled to the United States. 2. Corazon Aquino and Salvador Laurel were sworn in as President and Vice-President, respectively. Which day was it?

25th February 1986. On the morning of February 25, 1986, Corazon Aquino and Salvador Laurel took their oaths as President and Vice-President on the same day in the Club Filipino, San Juan in the presence of Supreme Court Associate Justice Claudio Teehankee. President Marcos fled to the US on the same day and stayed in exile until his death in 1989.

Former film actor-politician Joseph "Erap" Estrada was also ousted by the following revolt of People Power, called EDSA 2 in 2001. He faced the impeachment trial for which of these violations?

All of these are true ("Jose Velarde" account, Extortion of "jueteng" money, Graft and corruption). Former President Joseph Estrada, was the first President to face and to lose from the impeachment trial on-air. 2000: Some of the senators were accusing the President for receiving millions of Pesos from the operations of "jueteng". This expose had widespread to open the impeachment trial against President Estrada. January 2001: Most of the senators voted "NO" for opening the confidential documents for the "Jose Velarde" account. People, including the People Power 1 advocates, went to EDSA (abbreviation for "Epipanio de los Santos") Shrine to protest against President Estrada that lasted for 4 days.

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the President after the 2001 People Power Revolution, had also faced controversies regarding her administration status. One of these was in regard to the elections in May 2004.

Hello Garci Scandal. Mrs. Arroyo and former Commission on Elections Chairman Virgilio "Garci" Garcillano were both involved in "Hello Garci" Scandal because of the wiretapped conversation between them. There were some attempts to impeach the President many times from 2005, but they failed.