Special Sub-Topic: The Civil World Click Here To Play: The Civil World

1861:

Elizabeth Barrett Browning dies. War and Peace - 1865; Prussian-Austrian war with Denmark - 1864.

1862:

Borden gets a patent for concentrating fruit juice. Russian serfs freed in 1861; Beethoven had been dead for 35 years (1827); Ionian Islands ceded to Greece in 1864.

1863:

Fenian Secret Society founded in Ireland. Prince Albert died in 1861 after convincing Queen Victoria not to take Britain into the American Civil War; Remington was born in 1861; Benito Juarez became Mexico's president in 1861.

1864:

Geneva convention regarding sick and wounded in war established. Kingdom of Italy formed in 1861, excluding Venice and Rome; Nile sources - 1862; roller skates - 1863.

1865:

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland published. Indian treaty signed on June 28, 1862; Marx worked for Horace Greeley, 1852-61; French involvement, ultimately American, in Indochina began in 1863!

1862:

Bismarck becomes Prussian Chancellor. Mark Twain 'born' in 1863; pasteurization of wine developed in 1864 -later used for milk; Chinese rebellion ends in 1865.

1863:

Uprising in Poland against Russia. Sarah Bernhardt's debut - 1862; Kaiser Wilhelm I - 1861; "Hans the Skater" is very popular in 1865 and soon becomes a whole book.

1861:

Otis patents a steam-powered elevator. Papal Bull issued 1865; Ismail Pasha - 1863; Spanish-Hawaiian treaty -Oct. 9, 1863.

1864:

Railroad sleeping car is built by George Pullman. Cinco de Mayo 1862; Cotton shortage in 1862; 10-gallon hats - 1865!

1864:

All of these (Thanksgiving Day is proclaimed a national holiday, 'In God We Trust' appears on a U.S. coin for the first time, Massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians at Sand Creek). The first coin to be stamped with the motto was a 2-cent piece; the Sand Creek massacre took place in Colorado and was led by Col. John Chivington against a peaceful encampment displaying a flag of truce.