Special Sub-Topic: The History of European Royalty VI Click Here To Play: The History of European Royalty VI

What was the title of Charles X of France before he was King?

the Count of Artois. King Charles X de Bourbon of France, the third son of Dauphin Louis de Bourbon of France and Princess Maria Josepha Wettin of Poland, was born on 9 Oct 1757 in Versailles, France. At birth he was created the Count of Artois. He married Princess Maria Theresa de Savoie of Sardinia on 16 Nov 1773 in Versailles, France. He become King after the death of his brother, Louis XVIII and was exiled and deposed in 1830. He had abdicated in favour of his grandson, the Count of Chamboard; however the French rejected this and proclaimed Louis Philippe I as the King of the French. Charles X died in exile on 6 Nov 1836 in Switzerland.

What was the title of Louis XVIII of France before he was King?

the Count of Provence. King Louis XVIII de Bourbon of France was the second son of Dauphin Louis de Bourbon of France and Princess Maria Josepha Wettin of Poland. At birth on 17 Nov 1755 in Versailles, France; he was created the Count of Provence. He married Princess Maria Guiseppina de Savoie of Sardinia on 21 Apr 1771 in Versailles, France. After the death of Louis XVI, he proclaimed himself Regent for his nephew, Louis XVII; and upon his death, proclaimed himself Louis XVIII. He died on 16 Sep 1824 in Palace des Tuileries, Paris, France.

Which family created the 'Order of the Golden Fleece'?

de Valois of Burgundy. The Order of the Golden Fleece was created by Duke Philip III de Valois of Burgundy in 1430, as he wanted to create an order that would rival the English Order of the Garter. Due to death and marriage, the Order would be inherited by the Austrians. Philip III's grand-daughter, Duchess Mary, was the sole heir of the Burgundian fortune and she was married to Archduke Maximilian of Austria, the future Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. Their son, Archduke Philip, married the Castilian princess and future queen, Juana the Mad and their grandsons, Charles and Ferdinand, became Holy Roman Emperors themselves with Charles having the additional title of King of Spain.

Can Peter III of Russia be considered a true Romanov?

n. Tsar Ptjor III Karlovitch Romanov of Russia was not of a male line descent. His father was Duke Charles Frederick von Holstein-Gottorp of Holstein and his mother was Grand Duchess Anne Petrovna Romanov of Russia, the daughter of Peter I the Great. Ptjor III succeeded his aunt, Tsarina Elizabeth I, on 5 Jan 1761 and was deposed by his wife, Catherine II the Great, in July 1761. He was exiled and murdered on 17 Jul 1762 in Ropsha, Russia and was succeeded by his wife. Therefore technically he, and every Russian monarch since, was a part of the House of Holstein.

Which Hanoverian King of Great Britain 'lost' the American colonies?

George III. George III, the 'Farmer King', is credited with losing America as a part of the British Empire. George refused to acknowledge America for a long time, calling them 'the colonies'. Eventually he came around.

King Henry IV de Bourbon of France was not the first French King to inherit the Navarrese throne. Who was it?

Louis X Capet. King Louis X the Headstrong Capet of France; born on 4 Oct 1289 in Paris, France; was the eldest son of King Philip IV the Fair Capet of France and Queen Joan I de Blois of Navarre. Upon the death of his mother in 1305, he inherited Navarre and in 1314, upon the death of his father, inherited France. Louis X married Princess Margaret Capet of Burgundy on 23 Sep 1305 in Vernon-en-Normandie, France. However, they only had daughters who lived passed infancy. It was the oldest daughter who became the next Queen of Navarre, but she was barred by Salic law from inheriting the French throne. Louis X died on 5 Jun 1316 in Vincennes, France.

In the mid 1400s, the Navarrese throne passed to an Iberian monarch. Who was it and which Kingdom?

Juan II Trastamara of Aragon. Queen Blanca II de Everux of Navarre was the daughter of King Charles III de Everux of Navarre and Infanta Princess Leonor Trastamara of Castile and Leon. Born in 1391, she inherited Navarre on the death of her father on 8 Sep 1425. By then she had already married King Juan II Trastamara of Aragon on 18 Jun 1420 in Pamplona, Spain. Together, they had four children; Prince Carlos, born 29 May 1421; Princess Juana, born 1423, Princess Blanca, born 9 Jun 1424 and Princess Leonor, born 2 Feb 1425. Upon the death of Queen Blanca II on 1 Apr 1441, the throne was held by Juan II until his death in 19 Jan 1479, and the crown passed to their youngest daughter, Queen Leonor I.

The Portuguese throne was up for grabs after the death of King Henry I Avis 'the Cardinal' of Portugal in 1580. Which monarch assumed the throne until the House of Braganca took over?

Phillip II Habsburg of Spain. King Henry I 'the Cardinal' Avis of Portugal was not meant to be King at all. The previous King, Sebastian I the Sleeping King, died childless on 4 Aug 1578 in the Battle of Alcacer and the only living male relative was his grand-uncle who was a Cardinal. Upon the Cardinal King's death on 31 Jan 1580 in Lisbon, Portugal, there were many through the female line that could succeed. King Philip II Habsburg of Spain was the strongest claimant through his mother Princess Isabella Avis of Portugal, the daughter of King Manuel I the Fortunate of Portugal. The Habsburgs were to hold Portugal under their thumb until 1 Dec 1640 when the House of Braganca overthrew Spanish rule in favour of their own.

Which monarch suggested and arranged the marriage of Grand Duke Pjtor Romanov of Russia (Tsar Ptjor III) and Princess Sophie von Anhalt-Zerbest of Anhalt (Tsarina Catherine II)?

Frederick II the Great Hohenzollern of Prussia. Born on 24 Jan 1712 in Berlin, Prussia, Frederick became the heir apparent upon the death of his two elder brothers. He married Princess Elizabeth Christine Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel of Brunswick on 12 Jun 1733 in Schlob Salzdalum, Wolfenbuttel, Germany; however, they had no children of their own. Upon his death on 17 Aug 1786 in Potsdam, Germany, the crown passed to his nephew, King Frederick William II Hohenzollern of Prussia. When Tsarina Elizabeth was scouting for a bride her nephew and heir, it was Frederick II the Great who suggested the Princess Sophie as the new Grand Duchess.

Tsarina Catherine II von Anhalt-Zerbest of Russia is known to have a secret room within the Palace, adorned with paintings of..?

Sexual acts. Surprisingly enough, it was paintings of sexual acts that covered the walls of her secret room. And another juicy fact is that the paintings were done by the same people who did the paintings for the churches. Taken from Henri Troyat's book 'Catherine the Great'.

What was the title of the Bourbon cousins of the French Bourbon Kings?

the Princes of Conde. The first Bourbon King and the first Prince of Conde share Duke Charles IV de Bourbon of Vendome and Princess Francoise de Alencon of Alencon as common ancestors. From Duke Anthony de Bourbon of Vendome stems the French Kings and from Prince Louis I de Conde of Conde stems the Princes of Conde.

What was the relationship between King Pedro III de Braganca of Portugal and Queen Maria I de Braganca of Portugal?

Uncle and Niece. Queen Maria I de Braganca of Portugal was the eldest daughter of King Joseph I de Braganca of Portugal and Infanta Princess Maria Anne de Bourbon of Spain. King Pedro III de Braganca of Portgual was the son of King John V the Magnanimous de Braganca of Portgual and Archduchess Maria Josepha Habsburg of Austria. Pedro III and Joseph I were brothers, therefore Pedro III and Maria I were Uncle and Niece.

What is the title of the eldest son and heir to the Italian throne?

the Duke of Savoy. The current Duke of Savoy is Duke Victor Emmanuel de Savoie of Savoy and he was born on 12 Feb 1904 in Rome, Italy; to King Umberto II de Savoie of Italy and Princess Marie Jose Saxe-Coburg-Gotha of Belgium. In 2002, a provision in the Italian constitution that barred the male descendants of the House of Savoy from setting foot in the Italian Republic was abolished, permitting Victor Emmanuel to re-enter the country after November 10. On his first trip home in over half a century, he and the Princess of Naples paid a courtesy call on Pope John Paul II at the Vatican.

What was the relationship between King Edward the Confessor Saxon of England and King William I the Conqueror Normandy of England?

First Cousin Once Removed. Interestingly enough, Edward and William were first cousins once removed. Edward's mother was Princess Emma Normandy of Normandy and William was of the House of Normandy. Together, Edward and William share Duke Robert I Normandy of Normandy and Gunnor Crepon was their common ancestor and it was this relationship that William based his claim to England on.

What is the traditional colour for mourning in Catholic French royalty?

White. It is white that is the traditional colour for mourning in the Catholic faith and French royal widows ahered to it fiercely. When Marie Antionette was about to be executed, she was not allowed to wear black, which is the traditional colour for many of the other faiths. She then chose white, particulary as an insult to her executors and to mourn her husband who had died earlier that year.

Which two Kings participated in the Field of the Cloth of Gold?

King Henry VIII Tudor of England and King Francis I de Valois of France. Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France were the two great King involved in the Field of the Cloth of Gold. During this time, Henry was in the process of trying to obtain a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and to marry Anne Boleyn, whom be brought along to France where Queen Claude refused to see her, as she obviously did not approve of Henry's attempts for divorce.

Who was the last Habsburg (not Habsburg-Lotharingen) Holy Roman Emperor?

Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Habsburg. Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Habsburg was the second son of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I Habsburg and Princess Eleanor Wittelsberg of Palataine and was born on 1 Oct 1685. He succeed his brother, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I Habsburg, on 17 Apr 1711. On 23 Apr 1708 he married Princess Elizabeth Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel of Brunswick and together they had only daugthers. Charles VI changed the Laws of Succession to allow his eldest daughter, Archduchess Maria Theresa, to succeed the thrones of Hungary and Bohemia and she was created Holy Roman Empress upon the election of her husband.

What was the relationship between King Louis XVI de Bourbon of France and Archduchess Marie Antionette Habsburg-Lotharingen of Austria, besides Husband and Wife?

Second Cousins Once Removed. Their common ancestor was Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I Habsburg and Princess Eleanor Wittelsberg of Palataine. Marie Antionette through her mother, Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa Habsburg, and Louis XVI through his mother, Princess Maria Josepha Wettin of Poland.

Was King Louis XVI de Bourbon of France succeed by his eldest son?

n. Louis XVI and Marie Antionette had four children together; Princess Royale Marie Therese, born 19 Dec 1778; Dauphin Louis Joseph, born 22 Oct 1781; Prince Louis Charles, born 27 Mar 1785; and Princess Sophie Beatrix, born 9 Jul 1786. The Dauphin died, before the revolution, on 7 Jun 1789, and his four year old brother, Louis Charles, was created the new Dauphin. No matter how you look at it, whether you count Louis XVII's rule or not, Louis XVI was not succeed by his eldest son.

What was the name of King Louis XIV de Bourbon of France's sister who was also executed during the French Revolution?

Princess Elizabeth de Bourbon of France. Princess Elizabeth de Bourbon of France was born on 3 May 1764 as the youngest child of Dauphin Louis de Bourbon of France and Princess Maria Joseph Wettin of Poland. Throughout the trials of her brother and his family, she stayed with them for the entire ordeal, only to be executed herself in the Revolution, seven days after her 30th birthday on 10 May 1794.

Name in order the five Tsarinas of Russia?

Catherine I, Anna I, Anna II, Elizabeth I, Catherine II. Tsarina Catherine I ruled from 1725 to 1727. Tsarina Anna I reigned from 1730 to 1740. Regent Tsarina Anna II reigned from 1740 to 1741. Tsarina Elibzaeth I ruled from 1741 to 1762. Tsarina Catherine II ruled from 1762 to 1796.

Who was the first undisputed Queen of England?

Queen Mary I Tudor of England. Queen Mary I Tudor of England was the first undisputed Queen of England. Although Queen Matilda Plantangenet of England and Lady Jane Grey did in theory reign, theirs were disputed ones that were never cemented. Matilda had the barons of England defect to her cousin Stephen and she was never crowned as Queen and took the title of the 'Lady of the English'. Lady Jane Grey did indeed reign, but it was for a mere nine days and she was never crowned either. Mary marched on London, supported by her sister, Elizabeth, and deposed the pretender. Neither of these girls died as the Queen of England. Therefore, it is Mary who was the first undisputed Queen.

Name Queen Mary I Stuart of Scotland's husband, in order.

King Francis II de Valois of France, Lord Henry Stuart of Darnley, Earl James Hepburn of Bothwell. Mary's first marriage was to King Francis II de Valois of France on 24 Apr 1558 in Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France. After his death on 5 Dec 1560 in Orleans, France. Mary returned to Scotland where she eagerly entertained suitors. Her second choice in marraige was a canidate who was put forward by Queen Elizabeth I Tudor of England - Lord Henry Stuart of Darnley, her first cousin. They were married on 29 Jul 1565 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland. It was from this marraige that Mary's only offspring came from. Darnley was murdered two years later on 10 Feb 1567 in Kirk o' the Field, Scotland. Mary's third chance at matrimony was with the suspected murderer of her second husband, Earl James Hepburn of Bothwell. They were married on 15 May 1567 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland. However when this marriage occurred, the nobles of Scotland rose against Mary and James and imprisoned them both. There they were given a choice of death together or exile seperately. Although Mary was content with death, James convince her of exile. Mary was sent to England and James to Denmark where he died on 14 Apr 1578 in Gragshom Castle, Denmark.

What English Duke was proposed by the Pope as a fourth husband for Queen Mary I Stuart of Scotland?

the Duke of Norfolk. The Catholic Duke of Norfolk made an unsuccessful attempt to depose Queen Elizabeth I Tudor of England. As a faitful Catholic, he was constantly in contact with the Pope who suggested to cement his claim to the throne of England, the Duke should marry the imprisoned Queen of Scotland. The plot was uncovered and Norfolk was executed among many others.

Where was Queen Mary I Stuart of Scotland executed?

Fotheringhay Castle, Northampton, England. After she was implicated beyond all doubt in a plot against the Queen, Elizabeth finally signed Mary's death warrant after holding her for over a decade. Mary, the Queen of Scotland, was executed on 5 Feb 1587 in Fotheringhay Castle, Northampton, England.