1. Brown dwarfs are very faint and are therefore difficult to find in the night sky. Which of the options below is a method utilized to find them? Imaging sections of sky and searching for faint, red sources Concentrating on young star clusters Focusing on known stars and looking for companions All of these

2. What element do astronomers look for in the spectra of faint objects to differentiate between low-mass stars and brown dwarfs? Lithium Sodium Hydrogen Helium

3. What did Eduardo L. Martin and Gibor Basri discover about the brown dwarf PPI 15 in the Pleiades? It was the smallest brown dwarf yet found It had a planet orbiting it It was the largest brown dwarf yet found It was part of a binary system with another brown dwarf

4. What chemical is found in the atmospheres of both brown dwarfs and gas planets that cannot be found in stars? Answer: (One word- Neptunian and Uranian atmospheres)

5. An interesting property of brown dwarfs is that heavy brown dwarfs are simply denser than lighter ones and not more massive. Why is this? The unusual contraction of gas and dust during brown dwarf formation The low core temperature of brown dwarfs The brown dwarfs' unique chemical compositions Brown dwarfs are degenerate

6. The lowest mass a brown dwarf can attain has been set at 13 Jupiter masses. How did astronomers obtain this number? Above this mass deuterium fusion occurs The smallest brown dwarf found was 13 Jupiter masses The astronomers were suffering from triskaidekaphobia 13 Jupiter masses is the smallest mass that degeneracy can support

7. Brown dwarfs are brighter when they are younger and fade as they age. True False

8. In 1999, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey found two brown dwarfs that had methane in their atmospheres. What did this indicate about the brown dwarfs? They were younger They were actually blue dwarfs They each had a gas planet orbiting them They were older

9. Recent study has shown that brown dwarfs may not even be brown at all! What color do astronomers believe they are? Rust Magenta Mauve Violet

10. Throughout this quiz, only the differences between stars and brown dwarfs were focused on. They have to have something in common. In what way are they similar? They both form in similar ways They both undergo some form of fusion in their cores They are both fully convective All of these