1. The most commonly spoken language among Holocaust Gypsy victims was Romani, a dialect related to the Sanskrit of the Gypsies? historical South Asian homeland. While groups commemorating the Jewish deaths of the period characteristically use the Hebrew term ?Shoah (extermination)?, Gypsies often use the Romany term ?Porajmos?. What is the English translation of ?Porajmos?? Total destruction by fire Insurrection Murder Devouring

2. In the mid-1930s, Nazi ?race scientists? grappled with the problem of Gypsy ethnicity. Since Gypsies were ultimately from South Asian stock, they were technically Aryans, and thus privileged under the Aryan supremacist doctrine of the party. What addition to the official Nazi party doctrine brought Gypsy persecution in line with the party?s racial policies? All of these The Gypsies had thoroughly intermingled with ?inferior races? over the centuries, and thus posed a threat to German racial purity. Whereas the Germans descended from the Aryan warrior class, the Romani Gypsies descended from lower classes and were not worthy of true Aryan status. The Gypsies? wandering ways and extreme poverty belied their genetic inferiority.

3. One factor that helped the fascists track the Gypsies was their amenability to researchers; since they made their living interacting with people daily (as opposed to the industrial work of the more sedentary peoples), Gypsies tended to be very open about things like travel routes and genealogy. After the Holocaust, this trend sharply reversed, and Gypsies in general became very reluctant to divulge anything to outsiders. True False

4. Which of these Northern European countries? Gypsy population did not suffer massive losses under the fascists? Belgium France Denmark Poland

5. Which of these Southern European countries? Gypsy population did not suffer substantial losses under the fascists? Bulgaria Croatia Hungary Romania

6. What Austrian concentration camp was built specifically for Gypsies? Ravensbruck Jasenovac Lackenbach Dachau

7. Starting in 1939, peripatetic (traveling) people were required to carry special identity papers easily distinguishable by their formats. What color were the vast majority of Gypsies? papers? Brown Brown and blue striped Blue Grey

8. One particularly chilling aspect of the fascist racial ideology was its constant contention that it has the support of empirical science. Indeed, the ostensibly meticulous classification schema of fascist scientists did convey very strict guidelines as to who would and would not be considered a Gypsy. Under the Nazi system most often employed, how many Gypsy ancestors would a person have to have to be considered a Gypsy? Three-eighths of their family tree 71 quarterings One great-grandparent Two great-grandparents

9. Perhaps the most iconic camp of the Holocaust played an active role in the mass murder of Gypsies as well as Jews and other targeted groups. This large complex in Poland was actually three camps in one and included 40 barrack blocks where Gypsies were interred with their families. What was the name of this place, which now stands as a somber museum and gathering place for those who commemorate the Holocaust? Lackenbach Devil?s Island Jasenovac Auchwitz-Birkenau

10. Estimates of total Gypsies killed by German and other fascist forces in World War II vary a great deal more than those for Jewish deaths, largely because of the unsettled nature of Gypsy life that is the hallmark of the people. Which of the following is a reasonable estimate of how many Gypsies perished in the Porajmos? 5,000 275,000 10,000 6,000,000