1. Which of these factors are associated with DNA damage? Alkylating agents UV All of these Free Radicals

2. What is an oncogene? A gene whose normal activity promotes cell proliferation Genes that have tumour suppressor activity Genes that are mutated Genes that cause cell death

3. If a part of a chromosome breaks and reattaches to another chromosome it is known as? Translocation Hybridisation Amplification Splicing

4. Which of the following is a well documented translocation? Ps5 ADE chromosome Philadelphia chromosome Boston chromosome

5. What type of mutation does not change the sequence of the gene product? Silent Non-sense Non-coding Quiescent

6. " A given gene undergoes a constant rate of molecular evolution" This is known as? Molecular Clock Natural Selection Evolution Mutational selection

7. Why are male mutation rates higher than female? Greater number of germ cell divisions More cells so more DNA The Y chromosome is unstable Men have only 1 X chromosome

8. Mutation and DNA damage can be repaired by the cell. Which of the following is not a type of DNA repair? Specific exclusion repair Direct repair Nucleotide excision repair Mis-match repair

9. What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation? Prevents DNA replication Codes for the wrong amino acid Deletes promoter region Introduces a stop codon

10. Why are nonsense mutations rare? They only occur in certain types of DNA Because their effect on survival is great DNA Repair mechanisms easily spot this type of mutation Their presence prevent DNA replication