Mighty Monarchs XII (Sicily)

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1. In 1060 AD this brother of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, crossed over from southern Italy to begin, in earnest, the Norman conquest of Muslim Sicily. Who was it? Roger of Hauteville Bohemond, Prince of Taranto Roger Borsa Tancred of Hauteville

2. In 1105 AD Simon, the young Count of Sicily, died and was succeeded by his younger brother. The new count turned Sicily into a kingdom (1130 AD) and a formidable Mediterranean power. He died in 1154 AD. He is considered one of the greatest monarchs of medieval Sicily. Which man was it? Roger Borsa Tancred William II, the Good Roger II

3. On Feb 13, 1177 AD this King of Sicily married Joanna, the 12 yr old daughter of Henry II, King of England, and sister of Richard the Lionheart. Which king was it? William I, the Bad William II, the Good Simon II Tancred

4. In 1189 AD William II, the Good, King of Sicily, died without an heir. Constance, aunt of the late king and daughter-in-law of Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, claimed her right to the throne as daughter of Roger II. The Sicilian nobles and the Papacy successfully supported this illegitimate cousin of the late king. Who was this illegitimate cousin who assumed the throne? Roger Borsa Guido I, Duke of Salerno Bohemond II, Prince of Antioch Tancred, Count of Lecce

5. In 1194 AD the end of Norman rule in Sicily came when William III, King of Sicily, was captured by this Holy Roman Emperor (husband of Constance). William was blinded and then sent to prison in Germany. Who was the Holy Roman Emperor who began the German rule of Sicily? Frederick I Barbarossa Henry V Conrad III Henry VI

6. Only 2 yrs old when he succeeded his father to the throne of Sicily in 1197 AD he ruled til his death in 1250 AD and truly earned the title of 'Stupor Mundi' ('Wonder of the World'). Not only was he King of Sicily but he was also Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1215-1250 AD) and King of Jerusalem (1225-1243 AD) during his lifetime. Which remarkable Holy Roman Emperor (his most famous position) was it? Conrad IV Frederick II Otto IV Rudolf I, of Hapsburg

7. This was the third and last Holy Roman Emperor to wear the crown of Sicily. He was also King of Jerusalem like his father but never once set foot in his kingdom in the Holy Land. Which Holy Roman Emperor (also like his father, the position he is best known for) was it? Otto V Frederick II Frederick III Conrad IV

8. After the death of the King of Sicily (1254 AD) and the ascension of his young son (Conradin), the Papacy seized every opportunity of trying to replace German rule in Sicily for one on more friendly terms with the Holy See. In c. 1260 AD the Pope approached this King of England proposing the throne of Sicily for his youngest son Edmund. Which King of England sought (unsuccessfully) the crown of Sicily for his son? Richard II John Edward I Henry III

9. In 1258 AD this illegitimate son of Frederick II assumed the crown of Sicilian for his young nephew, Conradin, to preserve the kingdom from the increasing threat of the Papacy. He was killed at the Battle of Benevento (Feb 26, 1266 AD) by Papal forces. Who was it? Frederick of Baden Frederick of Antioch Enzo Manfred

10. This brother of Louis IX, the Saint, King of France, was crowned King of Sicily on Jan 6, 1266 AD by Pope Clement IV (himself a Frenchman). He defeated and killed the last German king of Sicily at the Battle of Benevento. Which man was it? Philip, Duke of Burgundy Charles, Count of Anjou Henry, Count of Poitiers Francis, Duke of Normandy