Oranges are not native to Europe or the Middle East. They were originally cultivated in southern China and northern India, and only reached the Mediterranean region much later via trade routes.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, it was Portuguese traders who played a key role in bringing sweet oranges from Asia to Europe and North Africa. As they spread through the Arab world, Arabic speakers began to associate the fruit with the people who had brought it: the Portuguese. Consequently, in many Arabic dialects, the word for orange became "burtuqal", which literally means "Portugal".
But Arabic isn't alone. Many other languages in the Middle East and Southeastern Europe have had the same idea.
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