1. In the 13th century, armies in China, Mongolia, and Arabia made projectiles of gunpowder, which have been called what historically?
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Answer:
fire arrows
Typically, normal arrows were shot by bows by various cultures' warriors, but "fire arrows" were arrows that were tweaked to carry a source of fire at the head of the arrow, some type of a combustible material, a flammable liquid, or tar, or cloth soaked in oil, that was then lit up and then shot with the bow at their target. They would sail through the air on fire and then often explode on impact, sort of like a Molotov cocktail if it was constructed that way. They were effective as one can imagine against wooden ships with their sails.