Why do some vehicle wheels look like they're rotating in the opposite direction to their vehicle's motion?

Basically, the human brain isn't quite fast enough to capture things when they're in motion, even if we're picking up the light at a rate that we can comprehend.

This illusion is known as the 'wagon wheel effect' and it all comes down to the function of the human eye and the way in which our brain manages to interpret and process the images it is presented with. The human eye is capable of operating at frame rates upwards of 200 frames per second (FPS) when processing light but things work differently when it comes to detecting motion. Studies have shown that the human visual system can detect changes in motion - like a wheel spinning - up to only 13 FPS.

Although your eyes can detect frame rates higher than that, the brain can generally only compute and react to 10-15 images per second, although this figure can be increased with specific brain training and depending on which part of the eye is reporting back the information.

https://www.carthrottle.com/news/why-do-wheels-look-they-rotate-backwards-certain-speed