My Castle, I Meant, Cossack Sich Is My Home! Quiz

Answer:

Kosynsky's uprising occurred in the early 1590s and was the first of a series of Cossack uprisings. It was provoked by the fact that Polish control and aristocratic encroachment over Ukraine were becoming more intense after the Polish-Lithuanian Union of 1569, aka Union of Lublin. The uprising was opposed by the aristocracy, including the Orthodox aristocracy, but it was popular among the lower classes, and its suppression required the usage of much force.

Severyn Nalyvaiko's uprising began in 1594 and ended in 1596. Nalyvaiko and his two chief lieutenants, Hryhoriy Loboda, and Matviy Shaula, desired to consolidate the presence of Ukrainian Cossack units in official military structures of the Commonwealth, and lessen the burdens imposed on them by the landowning aristocracy on both ethnic and religious basis. The uprising was ultimately suppressed when the rebel leaders were captured under a false flag of truce in blatant violation of chivalric conduct.

Tytchenko, whose name is also rendered as Tyshchenko in some sources, was a military commander in the city of Bratslav in southwestern Ukraine. Although the locals were emboldened by Nalyvaiko, their own uprising did not occur under his directions. They succeeded in driving the Polish garrison out of the city and its vicinity, and later defeated a detachment sent to recapture it. However, after amassing a much larger force, the royal armies suppressed the resistance, and Tytchenko was executed in Warsaw in 1596.

The Zhmailo uprising occurred in 1625, and was caused by the unprovoked attack on the Cossacks of the city of Kaniv by the royal army, whose leader was afraid of the recent Ukrainian successes in the Khotyn War against the Ottomans (to be more specific, he was afraid that, having gained momentum and the morale boost of having defeated such a numerous and destructive enemy, the Ukrainians would direct their efforts in throwing off Commonwealth suzerainty). The Cossacks retreated to Cherkasy and began a coordinated response under the leadership of Marko Zhmailo, leading to a protracted standoff near Lake Kurukove. Finally, the two opposing sides signed a treaty there that was largely beneficial to the Ukrainian side.

The Triasylo uprising occurred five years after Zhmailo's one. Its immediate cause was the fact that by keeping Hryhoriy Chornyi in the office of hetman (military-cum-political Cossack leader), the Commonwealth was trying to de fact nullify what was officially signed in the Treaty of Lake Kurukove. Under the leadership of Taras Triasylo, the uprising covered a very wide area, defeating three field armies of the Commonwealth. Diplomacy took over and a new treaty was signed, which increased the number of Cossack units in the regular Commonwealth forces, although still major points of friction between the Commonwealth and its Ukrainian element remained unaddressed.

The Sulyma uprising occurred in 1635. It was caused by the effort of the Polish military to isolate the main base of the Cossacks, the Sich fortress in the island of Khortytsia. To achieve that, the Poles tried to construct a fortress on their own, called Kodak. Sulyma and his followers destroyed it. Although Sulyma was betrayed and delivered to the King for execution, the efforts to rebuild Kodak came to no fruition.

The uprising led by Pavlo But occurred in 1637 and was driven by the harsh conditions which the landowning aristocracy was imposing on the agrarian population and unregistered Cossacks in Ukraine. But, called Pavlyuk in an affectionate diminutive, was initially much successful, but the numerical superiority of the royal army resulted in his defeat in the battle of Kumeyki, in modern-day Cherkasy Oblast. After the end of the uprising, the Polish Sejm issued an ordinance, which restored the status of the Cossacks in the Commonwealth to the 1625 realities.

The Ostryanyn uprising occurred in 1638, and, in comparison to the previous ones, save Nalyvaiko's, the national and social factors of it were on par with religious grievances, which were becoming increasingly acute given the confessionalization of religious life in the Commonwealth in the wake of broader European patterns observed in the early modern era. Several key people associated with Pavlo But were also important in aiding Ostryanin in his own uprising. The uprising was suppressed after much bitter fighting, with the rift between the opponents growing stronger.

Bohdan Khmelnytsky's uprising, which acquired the characteristics of a national liberation war and is called as such in Ukrainian historiography, began in 1648. The pretext was a dispute between the Ukrainian magnate and a Polish noble over an estate, but soon Khmelnytsky had succeeded in rousing his entire people behind his forces. The uprising resulted in the creation of an autonomous polity, the Hetmanate. The war also signaled a new phase in Ukrainian-Russian relations, which the Pereyaslav Council of 1654 and the agreement, if any, that arose in it between the Ukrainian hetman and the Muscovite tsar haunted the relations between the two people and states all the way to the 21st century.

Semen Paliy's uprising occurred from 1702 to 1704. It covered the entire territory of Right-Bank Ukraine, which was outside the administrative boundaries of the Hetmanate at that time. It was supported by the Hetman Ivan Mazepa, who crossed the Dnipro River in support of his fellow countrymen and managed to transfer the territory to the Hetmanate.

The other five people were people of the Commowealth, with Koniecpolski and Potocki being military leaders and the other three important royal figures.