At around 1440 AD, Johannes Gutenberg from
in Germany, invented the printing press, which became a
in mankind's history.
The first major breakthrough in vaccinations came in 1796, when Edward Jenner developed a vaccine for smallpox, following observations that
who contracted cowpox seemed
to smallpox.
The comprehensive legal framework, established by
Bonaparte, influenced legal
in many countries, promoting
before the law, property rights, and religious toleration.
After returning from a summer holiday,
Fleming observed the antibacterial properties of
and published his findings in 1929 in the "
Journal of Experimental Pathology".
Establishing a colony in the Darien area of
, intending to create an
trading route, looked like a very good idea, but this attempt by
, failed miserably.
Operation Barbarossa, launched on June 22, 1941, was the massive Nazi
invasion of the
. It marked the opening of the
, becoming the largest and deadliest military land offensive in human history.
In 1921 Thomas Midgley Jr., while working for a
research team, discovered that adding tetraethyl lead, TEL, to gasoline eliminated "engine knock" and allowed for more
, efficient engines.
Bakelite was invented as a durable, cheap, and
alternative to ivory and shellac, conserving natural resources, but non-biodegradable plastics eventually accumulated globally, leading to microplastic
across the world's oceans and soil.
