Anatomically Speaking... Trivia Quiz

Answer: Orthopedics

Orthopedics and orthopedic surgery are the same thing. It is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedists are trained to use both surgical and nonsurgical approaches to treat musculoskeletal conditions. Everyone is prone to make mistakes so having more than one opinion is crucial in a person's treatment. Those who seek a second opinion have their original diagnoses refined and some 21 percent have their diagnoses changed.

Chiropractors do not use surgery and work at finding the cause of many physical problems.

Massage techniques are commonly applied with hands, fingers, elbows, knees, forearms, feet, or a device.

Physical therapy addresses the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to move and perform functional activities in their daily lives.

Answer: Anconeus

The anconeus also abducts (takes away from the midline) the ulna during pronation (palms down), making it a motor (movement) nerve. Its nerve supply is the radial nerve at spinal nerve branches C7,C8 and T1. It is located in the posterior (back) compartment of the arm. The anconeus passes through the medial head of the triceps.

All the other muscles are flexors of the forearm, meaning they contract.

Answer: Ulnar Nerve

The ulnar nerve runs behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus. By hitting or tapping this area, a rather painful, and tingling sensation occurs because you are actually hitting the nerve, not the bone itself. The name "funny bone" likely comes from the similar sound of the words "humerus" and "humorous". The ulnar nerve runs alongside the ulna which is on the "pinky" (smallest finger) side of the forearm.

The sciatic nerve is the largest branch of the sacral plexus and runs alongside the hip joint and down the leg to the lower limb.

The main nerve suppling the diaphragm is the phrenic nerve. It provides both motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragm.

The facial nerve is also known as cranial nerve VII. It contains the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic (secretomotor) nerve fibers, that provides nerve supply to many areas of the head and neck region.

Answer: deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, most commonly in the leg. It's a very serious condition since the clot can potentially break loose, travel through the bloodstream, and cause a pulmonary embolism (a blockage in the lung), which can be life-threatening. Homan's sign should be, along with other clinical findings, used with imaging tests like ultrasound or venography, to help diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A positive test suggests the presence of a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg. Homan's sign was once a widely used test, but has largely been replaced by more accurate diagnostic methods like ultrasonography and D-dimer blood tests.

A heel spur often occurs when the arch of the foot drops over time, causing strain on the front of the calcaneus (calcaneal tuberosity). It is an osteophyte usually detected by a lateral x-ray of the foot.

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a condition causing pain and swelling slightly below the knee, in an area where the patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone (tibia). It is more common in adolescents during growth spurts, especially those who engage in sports or activities involving running and jumping.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar levels which can lead to various complications, including nerve damage (neuropathy) and circulatory problems. Testing would include specific blood tests like blood glucose and HbA1c, as well as nerve conduction studies, and vascular assessments like Doppler ultrasound.

Answer: Subclavian artery

The subclavian artery is a major artery in the upper body that provides the blood supply to the upper limbs, neck, and brain. It takes its blood supply from the aortic arch of the aorta. A positive indicator from an Adson's Test, pointing to TOS, is a marked and significant decrease or disappearance of the radial pulse. The subclavian artery could then either be occluded (closed or blocked) by a cervical rib or tightened anterior and middle scalene muscles in the neck. The patient can be either sitting or standing with their elbow in full extension during the test. You must check the patient's radial pulse on the other arm to recognize the patient's normal pulse.

Even though during an Adson's Test you are checking out the decrease or disappearing of the radial pulse, the test is testing the subclavian artery. The ulnar artery supplies the little finger side of the forearm.

The jugular veins are blood vessels that are taking blood from the brain to the heart by the superior vena cava. They are taking deoxygenated blood to the heart rather than oxygenated blood from the heart.

The peroneal artery can also be called the fibular artery. It is a blood vessel in the lower leg that supplies blood to the lateral compartment and parts of the posterior compartment of the leg.

Answer: soleus

The soleus is located deep to the gastrocnemius. It is a plantar (sole) flexor. It is crucial for the soleus to help propel us as we run. The soleus originates (begins) at the upper third of the shaft of the fibula, as well as the head of the fibula, while its insertion (end) is the posterior (back) surface of calcaneus.

Because the gastrocnemius is very close to the skin's surface, you can often see its outline. It forms the bulk of your calf muscle. The Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body.

The sartorius is the longest muscle in the human body. while the styloglossus plays a crucial role in tongue movement, specifically in retracting and the elevation of the tongue.

The scalene are a group of three muscles in the neck that play a crucial role in neck movement, stabilizing the cervical spine, and assisting with breathing.

Answer: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Phalen's Test should not be used as a definitive diagnostic tool and can have false-positive and false-negative results. When the median nerve is compressed and exacerbated by this test, symptoms can flare up including numbness, tingling and weakness in the thumb and fingers. Usually Tinel's Sign is used in addition to Phalen's Test to help rule in or out Carpal tunnel syndrome, which is caused by pressure on a nerve in the wrist.

Froment's sign is a clinical test used to assess for weakness of the adductor pollicis muscle, which is innervated (supplied) by the ulnar nerve.

De Quervain's tenosynovitis is tested by doing a Finkelstein's Test which involves tucking the thumb into the palm and bending the wrist toward the ulnar side. Pain over the radial styloid suggests a positive test.

A hamate fracture can be ruled in by performing a Hook of Hamate Pull Test (HHPT).

Answer: Ulnar Nerve

The Tunnel of Guyon is also called the ulnar canal. The canal is between the pisiform bone and hamate bone and the ligaments connecting them. It is on the medial side of the arm, meaning it is on the small finger side. The radius is the long bone located on the thumb side. The ulnar nerve provides sensation and movement to the forearm and hand, particularly the little finger and half of the ring finger. When the ulnar nerve is compressed or irritated, it can cause ulnar nerve entrapment, which is also known as cubital tunnel syndrome at the elbow or Guyon's canal syndrome at the wrist. It causes symptoms like numbness, tingling, and pain.

The radial nerve is on the same side as the radius. It is also on the thumb side. The tibial nerve is a major nerve in the lower leg and foot.

The femoral nerve is a major nerve that supplies the anterior thigh and inner leg.

Answer: Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a crescent-shaped bone at the front of your neck. By placing your fingers where your chin and neck meet and then swallow, you can feel your hyoid bone. It "floats" in front of your fourth cervical (neck) vertebrae. It is a U-shaped bone.

The humerus connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and the ulna. The clavicle is the technical name for the collarbone while the scapula is the technical name for the shoulder blade.

Answer: Sesamoid

Sesamoid bones are embedded within tendons and protect tendons from stress and wear. In children, the patella starts as cartilage and gradually turns into bone around the age of four. These small, round, and sometimes triangular in shape bones are commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees, and feet. The patella, commonly referred to as the kneecap, is an example of a sesamoid bone.

The long bones are longer than they are wide, and include the femur (the longest bone in the body) as well as relatively small bones in the fingers. The humerus, radius, and ulnar are other examples of long bones.

The short bones are about as long as they are wide. They are located in the wrist and ankle joints. Short bones provide stability and some movement. The carpals of the wrist and the tarsals of the ankle are prime examples of short bones.

Irregular bones are strangely shaped and do not fit the mold of the other types. The vertebra of the spine are good examples, as well as the bones that make up the pelvis.

Flat bones are bones that primarily protect the organs. The bones of the skull are flat in shape.