81. Favourably positioned between Europe and Asia, Aden has been a major trade and transportation hub for centuries. Since 2015 it has been the temporary capital of which war-torn country?
From Quiz Ships Ahoy!
Answer:
Yemen
Located on a peninsula on the eponymous gulf, close to the eastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, Aden lies in a strategic position on the maritime route between Europe and Asia. Its oldest district is named Crater (Kraytar in Arabic), as the city's natural harbour is situated in the crater of a dormant volcano; the modern port is named Mu'alla. Aden is believed to be very ancient: it was first mentioned in the Old Testament as one of the places that had trading connections with the Phoenician city of Tyre. The "Periplus of the Erythraean Sea", it is mentioned by the name "Eudaemon" (Greek for "blissful"), and as part of the pre-Islamic Himyarite Kingdom. In the 12th century, Aden was substantially rebuilt, and developed into a thriving city that attracted traders from many parts of Africa and Asia (including China): Marco Polo mentioned it in the well-known account of his travels. Though Aden had almost no resources of its own, it was an important emporium for all sorts of goods coming from other parts of the Arabian Peninsula; because of its location, various powers, local and foreign, vied for control of the city and its harbour.
In 1838, Aden was ceded to the British, who set up a coaling station at Steamer Point (now Tawahi), where ships could stop to replenish their supplies of coal and boiler water before continuing on their voyage. The city remained in British hands until 1967, when the People's Republic of Southern Yemen (later People's Democratic Republic of Yemen), a Marxist-Leninist one-party state, was established. Aden ceased to be a capital in 1990, when North and South Yemen united to form the Republic of Yemen; however, during the civil war that has been tearing the country apart since 2011, Aden became Yemen's temporary capital when the country's "de jure" capital, Sana'a, was seized by the Houthi insurgents. In the aftermath of the coup that ousted Yemen's president, Aden was devastated by violence, which led to major destruction and loss of life.