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Quiz about Building Blocks of Life DNA RNA and Protein
Quiz about Building Blocks of Life DNA RNA and Protein

Building Blocks of Life: DNA, RNA, and Protein Quiz


This quiz examines the processes involved in the central dogma of biology: that DNA is transcribed into RNA which is translated into protein. Enjoy learning more about these important biochemistry topics!

A multiple-choice quiz by JeterKrazy. Estimated time: 4 mins.
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Author
JeterKrazy
Time
4 mins
Type
Multiple Choice
Quiz #
223,462
Updated
Dec 03 21
# Qns
10
Difficulty
Average
Avg Score
7 / 10
Plays
7117
Awards
Top 35% Quiz
Last 3 plays: daisygirl20 (10/10), Guest 103 (2/10), Guest 47 (6/10).
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Question 1 of 10
1. The "genetic code" in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is based on the order of four nucleic acid bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. However, what makes up a complete DNA nucleotide? Hint


Question 2 of 10
2. In the DNA double helix, A bonds to T and C bonds to G. What type of bonds hold these bases together? Hint


Question 3 of 10
3. DNA replication can be described as what type of process? Hint


Question 4 of 10
4. Transcription is the process of making a complementary RNA strand from a DNA strand. In eukaryotic cells, where does this process take place? Hint


Question 5 of 10
5. How is a eukaryotic primary RNA transcript processed before being released from the nucleus as mRNA? Hint


Question 6 of 10
6. Translation is the process by which proteins are generated from an mRNA sequence by attaching amino acids to one another. Which specific type of RNA includes the anti-codon loop and is bound to a specific amino acid? Hint


Question 7 of 10
7. There are many different types of compounds which can be classified as amino acids, however, how many different kinds are typically incorporated into proteins? Hint


Question 8 of 10
8. What type of bond covalently links amino acids together in order to form a protein or polypeptide? Hint


Question 9 of 10
9. Translation is carried out on which small cellular structure or organelle? Hint


Question 10 of 10
10. Once a polypeptide is generated through translation, it is folded to make a functional protein molecule. How many levels of structural organization are present in proteins made up of multiple polypeptide subunits? Hint



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Mar 21 2024 : daisygirl20: 10/10
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quiz
Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts
1. The "genetic code" in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is based on the order of four nucleic acid bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. However, what makes up a complete DNA nucleotide?

Answer: All of these

Although it is often thought that "nucleotides" are simply the A, C, G, and T bases, they are actually made up of the 5'-phosphate group, and deoxyribose sugar (or ribose in RNA), in addition to the specific base. Nucleotides are joined together through a phosphodiester link between the two sugar residues.
2. In the DNA double helix, A bonds to T and C bonds to G. What type of bonds hold these bases together?

Answer: Hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen bonding between bases allows for stabilization of the double helix. It is important because while these bonds are strong enough to hold the helix shape, they can also be broken under appropriate conditions in order to allow for the two strands which make up the helix to separate for replication or transcription.
3. DNA replication can be described as what type of process?

Answer: Semiconservative

In DNA replication one "parental" DNA molecule generates two "daughter" DNA molecules. In semiconservative replication, each daughter DNA molecule contains one "old" strand from the parent and one "new" strand generated with free nucleotides using the enzyme DNA polymerase.

The new DNA molecule is therefore the identical base sequence as the parent, using one parental strand as the template to generate a complementary new strand, and thus a new DNA molecule. This process was proved through an experiment by scientists Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in 1958.
4. Transcription is the process of making a complementary RNA strand from a DNA strand. In eukaryotic cells, where does this process take place?

Answer: Nucleus

In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is held within the nucleus to ensure it is protected from damage. Since DNA does not leave the nucleus, and this genetic material is required for transcription, this process occurs inside the nucleus. Once the RNA transcript is generated, it is modified to ensure stability, and it leaves the nucleus to be translated into protein.
5. How is a eukaryotic primary RNA transcript processed before being released from the nucleus as mRNA?

Answer: All of these

In order for successful translation to occur in the cytoplasm of the cell, all of these modifications must occur. Introns represent RNA which does not code for protein, and are thus removed through splicing before translation. The 5' cap is used to properly position the mRNA on the ribosome for translation.

The poly-A tail at the 3' end can consist of up to 200 "A" nucleotides and is related to message stability.
6. Translation is the process by which proteins are generated from an mRNA sequence by attaching amino acids to one another. Which specific type of RNA includes the anti-codon loop and is bound to a specific amino acid?

Answer: tRNA

All tRNAs share generally the same structure. Each one is attached to a specific amino acid based on the anti-codon sequence which it contains. The anti-codon sequence is complementary to the codon sequence, a series of three nucleotides in the mRNA molecule. In this way, the mRNA sequence encodes for the correct sequence of amino acids needed to make a protein!
7. There are many different types of compounds which can be classified as amino acids, however, how many different kinds are typically incorporated into proteins?

Answer: 20

Proteins are polymers of 20 different types of alpha amino acids. Every alpha amino acid contains an amino group attached to an alpha carbon which is attached to a carboxyl group. The alpha carbon is also attached to a side chain, which is different in each amino acid. Different side chains allow us to name and distinguish different amino acids!
8. What type of bond covalently links amino acids together in order to form a protein or polypeptide?

Answer: Peptide bond

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl group of one amino acid with the amino group of another. This can also be called an amide bond.
9. Translation is carried out on which small cellular structure or organelle?

Answer: Ribosome

The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis. The mRNA molecule is bound to the ribosome, and this is also where the aminoacyl tRNA (tRNA bound to the appropriate amino acid) binds to the complementary codon. Ribosomes are also present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This is why it is called rough! One cell can contain thousands of ribosomes!
10. Once a polypeptide is generated through translation, it is folded to make a functional protein molecule. How many levels of structural organization are present in proteins made up of multiple polypeptide subunits?

Answer: 4

Proteins have four levels of structural organization. The "primary" level is the amino acid sequence. The "secondary" level is local regular folding of that amino acid chain, typically into alpha helices or beta sheets. The "tertiary" level is overall folding of the polypeptide in which the helices or sheets become even more compact. Finally, the "quaternary" level of protein organization is the close association of multiple polypeptide chains to form a functional protein molecule.
Source: Author JeterKrazy

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