Hey Four I's! I'd Like a Word With You (Part 8) Quiz

Answer: Aristotle

Aristotle wrote his influential "Parts of Animals" around 350 BC, as part of his larger work on natural science "Parva Naturalia". "Parts of Animals" concentrates on the structure, function, and classification of animals, which he did by identifying shared traits such as blood or bloodless, their way of locomotion, their reproduction, etc. Aristotle also examined similarities and differences in the organs of animals across species, such as gills vs. lungs, etc.

Answer: Sapiocratizing

Infantilizing means treating someone as if they were a child, especially if they are an adult. It means undermining their autonomy, competence, or maturity, through the prolonged imposition of a childlike state. The result can lead to disrespect, poor self-esteem, and a loss of independence.

Infantilizing might be perpetrated by patronizing language, obsessive controlling, or denying responsibilities that were normally be appropriate for a person's age. Puerilizing derived from "puerile", meaning childish, and juvenilizing, meaning forced youthfulness, and coddlesome, being a playful blend of "coddle" and "tiresome", all indicate behavior along the line of infantilizing.

But sapiocratizing, derived from "sapien" (wise) and "cracy" (rule), means treating as someone as an equal intellectually, quite the opposite of infantilizing.

Answer: ammonia

In plants, ammonia (NH₃) is converted into a nitrite by soil bacteria, and then the bacteria convert nitrites into nitrates which are a major nitrogen source for crops. Too many nitrates, however, can leach into the groundwater, and that poses environmental and health risks. Fertilizers are a key source of this leaching. Nitrification is how over-fertilized lawns turn yellow - the ammonia builds up and kills the grass until enough soil bacteria can build up to counteract that.

Answer: Initiation

The Twelve Labors of Hercules were his heroic initiation, an ordeal imposed by the Delphic Oracle for Hercules to atone for his crimes. It transformed and purified him, elevating his status in that he achieved immortality and ascended to Olympus. Each Labor was a test of body, mind, and spirit, purifying him, and initiating him from mortal hero status to becoming a member of the divine order, hobnobbing with the principal gods and goddesses who resided on Mount Olympus, known as the Twelve Olympians.

Answer: Central bank reserves

At first it might seem obvious that cash is the most liquid asset of all, since those physical bills and coins are already spendable money. But central bank reserves, aka simply "bank reserves" are even more liquid in the financial system. This is because central bank reserves are digital money held by commercial banks in Federal Reserve accounts or at accounts at other central banks.

When two banks need to transfer large sums of money, reserves at these central banks are transferred instantly, and there is zero risk of default.

But cash, on the other hand, requires physical handling, which is slower and can also be riskier.

Answer: Divisionism

Kinda sorta based on fake science, Divisionism was based on the 1839 color theory that said adjacent colors intensify each other. Scientists later determined that the eye doesn't actually blend dots, or mix pigments as the claim by Michel-Eugène Chevreul stated. Instead, colors may appear differently next to others, but that is due to so may other factors including lighting, distance, a person's vision; our eyes still biologically retain distinct dots.

Anyway, the late 19th century art style of Divisionism practiced separating colors into individual dots or patches to create the effect of optical mixing.
Pointillism fell under the umbrella of Divisionism, and strictly used small dots for its effect, perhaps the most famous of which was Georges Seurat's "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte".

Pointillism I must point out however, is a 3-I'd word, not a 4-I'd word.

Answer: Inquisitive

Inclined to ask probing or rhetorical questions. From the Latin percontari, meaning "to inquire", percontative means to ask someone probing rhetorical questions.
To be quodlibetic is to enjoy engaging in philosophical or theological debates in which life's deep, abstract questions are explored.
Nosophostic is a word for someone whose curiosity borders on pathological, derived from the Greek "nosos" (disease) and "philos" (loving).
Zetetic is a procedure in philosophy and science by which skeptical and investigative inquiries are made.
All of those words relate to "inquisitive" which describes a person eager to seek knowledge and information and thus tends to ask a lot of questions. It comes from the Latin verb "inquirere" meaning "to seek, inquire."

Answer: Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is colloquially known as the philosophy of "The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number." It judges the ethics of actions based on their consequences, as in their ability to maximize happiness, well-being, and utility (pleasure minus pain) for the greatest number of people.

Jeremy Bentham's Act Utilitarianism focused on judging actions individually. John Stuart Mill's Rule Utilitarianism followed rules that generally maximize good. The difference between them as an example might be that Act Utilitarianism might allow for torture because it might save many more people's lives in a specific instance, whereas Rule Utilitarianism might say torture is never acceptable because a society that does not allow for it is generally a better society.

Answer: Infidelities

Today we refer to infidelities as acts of cheating in romantic relationships. But way back in ancient Rome, infidelis referred to soldiers or citizens who violated their oaths to the state or gods. By the Middle Ages, the Church called non-Christians, especially Muslims and Jews, "infidels" meaning those without "true faith". During the 16th-century religious wars, Protestants and Catholics accused each other of "infidelity to God". In the 1600s and 1700s, as the Golden Age of literature blossomed, writers began using "infidelity" metaphorically for broken marital vows. Examples include Samuel Richardson's "Clarissa" (1748): "His repeated infidelities, his broken vows, and now this last wicked attempt, have alienated me from him forever"; Henry Fielding's "Tom Jones" (1749): "The infidelity of her husband had driven her to seek comfort in the arms of another."

Answer: Vitiating

The verb "minimize" derives from the Latin "minimus", meaning "smallest"; the gerund form "minimizing" means making something smaller or less significant. Vitiating means to minimize, lessen, weaken, or impair the quality, validity, or effectiveness of something. It comes from the Latin "vitiāre", meaning "to spoil, corrupt, debase".
The words tumefying, apotheosizing, and reifying, in various contexts, all indicate making something bigger or more important.