1. When did England's royal Tudor dynasty end?
From Quiz When Did it End?
Answer:
1603
The storied reign of the Tudors began in 1487 with Henry Tudor's (subsequently crowned Henry VII) victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth. His son, Henry VIII, ascended to the throne upon the elder Henry's death in 1509.
Henry VIII is perhaps the most infamous of the Tudors, noted for his many marriages as well as his breaking from the Church of Rome to establish the Church of England with himself as the head. Following Henry's death in 1547, the crown fell to his only legitimate son, Edward VI, who was only 10 years old at the time. Edward died without issue in 1552, shortly before which he'd named his cousin Lady Jane Grey his successor. Supporters of Edward's elder sister, Mary, quickly rose up in rebellion and unseated Jane, who was executed for treason in 1554, having never been officially crowned. Mary Tudor subsequently claimed the throne as Mary I, and despite her best efforts to produce an heir, she died childless in 1558.
The crown then passed to Mary's younger sister Elizabeth I, who, having witnessed several women before her (namely her mother, Anne Boleyn) who were treated as pawns of their husbands, staunchly refused to marry and subsequently died without issue (and, it is widely believed, a virgin) in 1603 after a long and fruitful reign. Upon Elizabeth's death, her nearest relative, James VI, King of Scotland, was deemed the heir with the strongest claim. James belonged to the House of Stuart, and upon his crowning as James I of England, the Tudor reign came to an end.