Niagara Falls are actually three waterfalls that form part of the border between Ontario, Canada and New York, USA. The three waterfalls are the Horseshoe Falls (which is the largest), the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls. The Horseshoe Falls are on the Canadian side and are also known as the Canadian Falls.
The falls are formed by the Niagara River and are one hundred and sixty-seven feet high (fifty one meters) at the highest. Horseshoe Falls, based on flow rate, is the most powerful waterfall in North America. Visitors flock to this spectacular feature throughout the year, during the day and during the night.
2. Hopewell Rocks
Answer: New Brunswick
Hopewell Rocks are caused by tidal erosion and are located in the Bay of Fundy in New Brunswick. They are alternately called Flowerpot Rocks or The Rocks and stand between forty and seventy feet (twelve to twenty-one meters high). Twice a day when the tide is high, the bottoms of the rocks are covered by water but the entire structures are able to be seen during low tide.
The tidal activity causes the bottoms of the rocks to erode faster than the top and the rocks have unusual shapes. In 2016 one of the rocks, known as Elephant Rock, collapsed, causing between one hundred and two hundred tonnes of rock to fall to the ground (between two hundred and twenty thousand and four hundred and forty thousand pounds).
3. Lake Louise
Answer: Alberta
Lake Louise is a glacial lake that is located in Banff National Park, Alberta. It is two kms long (just over one mile) at its maximum length and half a kilometer (one third of a mile) wide. It is seventy meters deep (two hundred and thirty feet deep).
The water is a beautiful turquoise color that is caused by rock flour. The Lefroy glacier flows into it, while it flows into Louise Creek which flows on to the Bow River. A luxury hotel was built on the shore of the lake.
4. Spotted Lake
Answer: British Columbia
Spotted Lake is a very unique looking lake that is located in the Similkameen Valley of British Columbia. It has spots all over its surface that are created by mineral deposits. The color of the spots depends on the type of mineralization and the amount of precipitation.
There are rich deposits of magnesium sulfate, calcium and sodium sulphates as well as deposits of silver, titanium and other minerals. At its longest it is just under one kilometer long (just under half a mile) and at its widest it is one quarter of a kilometer (a little over a tenth of a mile). For centuries the lake was treated as sacred by Indigenous peoples and thought to have healing powers.
The lake is now protected by a fence.
5. Ellesmere Island
Answer: Nunavut
Ellesmere Island is the tenth largest island in the world and located in Northern Canada, in Nunavut. Cape Columbia, which is located on Ellesmere Island, is the northern most point of land in Canada. Ellesmere Island is just over a hundred and ninety six square kilometers (just under seventy six thousand square miles) in area. Large portions of the island are covered by ice and glaciers however the ice has been both melting and breaking off.
The ice fields are not as thick as they once were. The northernmost human settlement in Canada is also located on Ellesmere Island, where the average yearly temperature is recorded at −16.5 °C (2.3 °F). BRRRR.
6. Mount Logan
Answer: Yukon
Mount Logan is the highest mountain in Canada and is located in southwest Yukon. It is just under twenty thousand feet high (just under six thousand meters.) It is still rising in height though because of tectonic lifting. It is extremely cold at and around Mount Logan, with the average temperatures in winter at about −45 °C (−49 °F) at the top! There is also quite a noteworthy ice cap that is almost one thousand feet (three hundred meters) in spots.
It is part of the Saint Elias Mountain Range.
7. Grouse Mountain
Answer: British Columbia
Grouse Mountain is one of the North Shore Mountains, a group of mountains that overlook Vancouver, British Columbia. At its peak, it is one thousand two hundred meters high (four thousand one hundred feet). Temperature on the mountain varies depending on the season.
The summers are warm and dry while it is cold and snowy in the winter months. The mountain is a popular spot for skiing and for hiking.
8. Bras d'Or Lake
Answer: Nova Scotia
Bras d'Or Lake is located on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. It flows into the open sea and has tides. It is irregularly shaped and has three arms jutting out to the northeast. At its maximum length it is one hundred kilometers (sixty-two miles) and at its maximum width is it fifty kilometers (thirty-one miles).
The west side of it is quite shallow and the lake's maximum depth is two hundred and eighty-seven meters (nine hundred and forty-two feet). The water is brackish, meaning that it is basically somewhere in between fresh and saltwater.
9. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
Answer: Alberta
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a buffalo jump. Also called a bison jump, it is a cliff formation that was used by Indigenous people to hunt buffalo. This jump is located at the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta. It's an area of a little more than seventy-three square kilometres (just over twenty-eight square miles).
The cliffs are sandstone and a center has been built into the cliffs to educate visitors about the Blackfoot peoples, who used the jump to hunt and kill buffalo.
10. Flin Flon greenstone belt
Answer: Manitoba/Saskatchewan
The Flin Flon greenstone belt was created by arc volcano activity in the Precambrian era. It is two hundred and fifty kilometers (one hundred and fifty-five miles) long and seventy-five kilometers (forty-six miles) wide. It is located in the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan and is surrounded by gneisses, a type of metamorphic rock, while dolomite sits on top of it.
It is an important mining belt, producing copper-zinc, gold and silver.
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