The Society of Friends is also known as the Quakers, or by the shorter name of Friends. Fox founded the religion in the seventeenth century, as a dissenter from the established Church of England. He felt that the church had lost sight of its purpose.
Question written by rossian
2. Nation of Islam
Answer: Wallace D Fard
The Nation of Islam was founded by Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, in 1930 in Detroit, with the aim of bringing his take on Islam to help the African American population of the city. After leading the movement for only four years, Fard passed the responsibility onto Elijah Muhammad, who led the Nation of Islam for more than 40 years.
pagea contributed this question
3. Mormonism
Answer: Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith Jr. published the 'Book of Mormon', the founding text of Mormonism (or the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints) in 1830. He stated that the texts it contained were not written by him, but that he had received a vision that led him to the place where they had been buried hundreds of years before the birth of Jesus. Smith then set up a church to follow a new religion based on the teachings in the book.
Question from Fifiona81
4. Methodism
Answer: Charles Wesley
Charles Wesley was the founder of Methodism along with his brother, John, and George Whitefield, in the eighteenth century. The name of Methodism was originally given to the religious practices of the Wesley brothers by their fellow students at Oxford, who found their adherence to strict religious practices strange and 'methodical'. As well as founding a new religious movement, Charles Wesley was a prolific writer of hymns, many of which are still sung in the twenty-first century.
Question provided by rossian
5. Church of Satan
Answer: Anton LaVey
Anton Szandor LaVey (what a middle name!) founded the Church of Satan in California in 1966, and led the organisation as the High Priest until his death in 1997. LaVey also wrote 'The Satanic Bible', the primary text of the movement. LaVey Satanism is considered just one form of satanism, with others including Theistic Satanism and Reactive Satanism.
pagea wrote this question
6. Seventh-day Adventist Church
Answer: Ellen G. White
The Seventh-day Adventist Church differs from other Christian denominations in that it celebrates the sabbath on a Saturday, rather than the traditional Sunday sabbath. This difference arises from their differing interpretation of the Bible. Ellen G. White founded the church as part of a small group, including her husband James White and minister Joseph Bates.
7. Church of Christ, Scientist
Answer: Mary Baker Eddy
The Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as Christian Science, is focused around the concept of healing as a result of faith in Christianity. Mary Baker Eddy founded the church in 1879 after herself experiencing a healing, and published the central text 'Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures'. Practitioners of Christian Science can themselves become healers, and the church keeps a record of healing incidents that came about from Christian Science practice.
Question provided by pagea
8. Shakers
Answer: Ann Lee
The origins of the Shakers (or more formally, the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing) can be traced back to mid-18th century England. The name "Shaking Quakers" was given to members of the Wardley Society, a breakaway Quaker group led by James and Jane Wardley, because of their demonstrative worship during services. Ann Lee was an early member of that society who became Mother Ann after she became its leader. She was responsible for moving the group to the United States when she and her family emigrated in 1774.
Fifiona81 created this question
9. Scientology
Answer: L. Ron Hubbard
Lafayette Ronald Hubbard founded Scientology in 1952, partly as a rebranding exercise after the bankruptcy of his previous organisation, the Dianetics Foundation. The belief system of Scientology includes the doctrine that a being called Xenu brought billions of aliens to Earth around 75 million years ago before killing them all with hydrogen bombs. The spirits of these beings, termed 'thetans', are thought to interact with humans in the present day.
Written by pagea
10. Presbyterianism
Answer: John Knox
Knox was part of the movement in Scotland in the sixteenth century which wanted to break away from the Roman Catholic church. In 1549 he was exiled to England, having upset the authorities in Scotland, and worked with the Protestants there in the court of Edward VI. The advent of Mary I, and the re-establishment of Catholicism in England, meant he was no longer welcome and he spent some time in Europe with John Calvin. His return to Scotland led to the establishment of the Church of Scotland in 1560.
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